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International migration in Africa, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean

International migration in Africa, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean. Migration Section, Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) United Nations, New York.

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International migration in Africa, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean

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  1. International migration in Africa, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean Migration Section, Population DivisionDepartment of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)United Nations, New York Interregional workshop on strengthening capacities to deal with international migration22 - 23 September 2011, Geneva, Palais des Nations

  2. Context The High–level Dialogue on International Migrationand Development in 2006 established that international migration could be a triple win The informal thematic debate on international migration and development in May 2011 confirmed that strengthening capacities and improving the evidence base were central to reaping the full benefits of international migration High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2013

  3. Outline 1. Levels and trends in international migrant stocks 2. Levels and trends in international migration flows 3. The characteristics of migrants: age and sex 4. The demographic impact of international migration 5. Policies on immigration and emigration

  4. Stocks and flows of international migration Migrant stocks Refers to the number of “foreign born” or “foreigners” living in a specific country at a specific date. Migration flows Refers to the event of moving, from one country (origin) to another (destination) in a given period of time (ex. 5 years).

  5. 1. Levels and trends in international migrant stocks

  6. … 69.8 million … 19.3 million … 7.5 million Where do the 214 million international migrants worldwide live? Migrant stock by major area of destination, 2010 (percentage) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  7. … 60.7 million …31.4 million …33 million Where do international migrants come from? Migrant stock by major area of origin, 2010 (percentage) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  8. By major area of destination By major area of origin 12.2 million 25.5 million Africa and LAC generate more migrants than they receive Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  9. In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage) To the same major area, but in a different country To a country in a different major area Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  10. 32 thousand to LAC 97 thousand to Africa Europe Africa LAC Other major areas In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage) To the same major area, but in a different country To a country in a different major area Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  11. 1990 2010 While international migrant stocks increased between 1990 and 2010 … Millions 40 per cent increase 20 per cent increase Africa LAC Europe Other major areas Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  12. 1990 2010 Refugees … refugees did not contribute to the growth in migrant stock in Africa and LAC Millions Africa LAC Europe Other major areas Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  13. 2. Levels and trends in international migration flows

  14. Immigration to Europe has increased since 2000 Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 to 2008 (millions) Millions Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  15. 2000(2.1 million migrants) 2008 (3.3 million migrants) Only one-fifth of immigrants to Europe come from Africa and LAC Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 and 2008 (percentage) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  16. Africa LAC 2000-2004 2005-2008 Top five countries of origin of immigrants from Africa and LAC to Europe Percentage Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  17. 3. The characteristics of international migrants: • age and sex

  18. Is international migration becoming more feminized? Percentage Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  19. Half of all immigrants are aged between 20 to 34 Foreigners immigrating to Europe by age and major area of origin, 2008 (percentage) Percentage Africa LAC Total Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  20. International migrants in Africa are relatively young … Percentage of migrant stock under age 20, 2010 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  21. … while they are older in Latin America and Europe Percentage of migrant stock age 65 or over, 2010 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  22. More males than females … while older international migrants are predominantly female in Europe and Latin America In Africa, international migrants of working age are predominantly male … Female migrants as a percentage of total international migrant stock by age, 2010 Percentage Europe LAC Equal percentage of males and females Africa Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  23. 3. The demographic impact of international migration

  24. 17 million In Africa, the impact of international migration on the size of the working age population is small Projected population aged 20-64 (medium variant) Millions Africa Without migration With migration Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  25. 32 million Without international migration, the working age population in Europe would decline by 9 per cent by 2050 Projected population aged 20-64 (medium variant) Millions With migration Without migration Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  26. Without international migration, the working age population in 2050 would decline by 10 per cent or more in 16 countries in Europe Countries in Europe most affected by population decline among those aged 20-64 in the absence of international migration by 2050 (percentage) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

  27. 5. Policies on immigration • and emigration

  28. 1996 2009 Fewer countries are seeking to curb international migration than in the past Governments with policies to lower immigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage) Percentage of countries Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010

  29. 1996 2009 Policies to reduce emigration have become less prevalent, except in Africa Governments with policies to lower emigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage) Percentage of countries Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010

  30. Promoting integration is a priority among European Governments Governments with policies to integrate non-citizens, 2009 (percentage) Percentage of countries Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010

  31. Conclusions 1. Migration is predominantly intra-regional in Africa and Europe and extra-regional in LAC 2. International migration for economic and social reasons increased between 1990 and 2010, while forced migration declined 3. Europe receives fewer migrants from Africa and LAC than from other major areas 4. While half of all international migrants are women, the proportion of women migrants to all migrants has declined, except in Africa and LAC 5. Migrants are older in Europe and LAC and younger in Africa 6. International migration has a significant impact on the size of the working-age population in Europe 7. Policies on immigration and emigration have become less restrictive since the 1990s

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