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Understanding Temperature and Pressure in Molecules: A Simple Guide

Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance, indicating how fast they move. It can be expressed in Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin. For example, pure water freezes at 32°F or 0°C and boils at 212°F or 100°C. Pressure, on the other hand, is the collective force exerted by these molecules as they collide with the surfaces around them. It is measured using different units such as inches of mercury, atmospheres, and pounds per square inch. Understanding these concepts is essential in fields like chemistry and physics.

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Understanding Temperature and Pressure in Molecules: A Simple Guide

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  1. What is temperature? All substances are made of atoms and molecules All molecules are in constant, random motion There is energy associated with those motions (molecular kinetic energy) Temperature is a measure of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance Temperature can be measured in terms of: Fahrenheit (degrees F) (used by U.S. and Liberia only) Pure water freezes at 32 deg F “Room temperature” 68 deg F Avg deep core body temp 98.6 deg F Boiling point of pure water at sea level 212 deg F Centigrade or Celsius (used by rest of the world) Pure water freezes at 0 deg C Pure wate at sea level boils at 100 deg C “Room temperature” 20 deg C Avg deep core body temp 37 deg C Kelvin (Kelvins) All molecular motion stops : 0 Kelvins A change of 1K equals a change of 1 deg C

  2. What is pressure? • Collective force exerted by molecules of a substance in random motion, colliding against each unit of area of their surroundings (force per unit area) • Measured in terms of: • inches of mercury (in Hg) • millibars (mb) • atmospheres (atm) • Pounds per square inch (lbs/in2)

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