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Understanding Earthquakes and Seismic Waves: Types, Causes, and Effects

This guide explores the fundamentals of seismic waves, detailing the primary (P-waves) and secondary (S-waves) types along with surface waves, their characteristics, and the impact of earthquakes and tsunamis. The document highlights faulting, the causes of earthquakes, and measurement techniques using seismographs. A quiz section emphasizes participation and knowledge retention, making it ideal for students preparing for a related test. Key insights include how seismic activity affects the Earth and the significance of understanding these natural phenomena.

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Understanding Earthquakes and Seismic Waves: Types, Causes, and Effects

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  1. Primary seismic waves Are slower than secondary Aret the result of shearing forces Can travel through solids, liquids and gases Causes Earth’s to roll up an down CRCT Question

  2. Remember Quiz Tomorrow!!!!

  3. Flashcards Quiz the person sitting next to you, then switch!!!

  4. Organizing! Organize the following phrases into the three major types of stress! • Squeezes the rocks of the crust • Pushes in opposite direction • Pulls the rocks • Decreases volume • Increases volume • Increases density • Decreases density • Tear and twist

  5. Lawyer Presentation • Absolutely SILENT while they present • On a post it, write down 1 thing that you really liked 

  6. Earthquakes & Volcanoes

  7. All you need to know about Earthquakes Coffee Talk

  8. What is it? • Earthquake – is the shaking a trembling that results from the sudden movement of part of the Earth’s crust.

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cavq2HFBa-U&feature=fvsr

  10. Did you know? • One million earthquakes happen in a year • one thousand every year makes the earth move • twenty can cause severe damage.

  11. Faulting & Earthquakes • Faulting causes earthquakes. • San Andreas Fault – land to the west is moving north and the land to the east is moving south

  12. Tsunami’s & Earthquakes • Tsunamis – earthquakes that occur on the ocean floor produce giant sea waves called tsunamis.

  13. Parts of an Earthquake • Focus – the point beneath the Earth’s surface where the rocks break and move. • Epicenter – directly above the focus, on the Earth’s surface

  14. Also known as Earthquake Waves Seismic Waves

  15. #1 Primary Waves • Fastest waves • P waves • Moves through solids, liquids, and gases • Speeds up in denser material • Push and pull waves

  16. #2 Secondary Waves • S waves • Slower than P waves • Travels through solids but not liquids and gases • Speeds up in denser material • Movement is side to side

  17. Modeling P and S Waves • S waves: do "the wave" as they would in a football stadium, raising their arms and lowering them as the next person raises his or hers. • P Waves: gently grip each other's shoulders and having one pull or push the next person in line.

  18. #3 Surface Waves • L waves • Slowest waves • Originates at the epicenter • Creates the wave movements in the Earth’s surface • Causes the most damage

  19. Measuring Seismic Waves • Seismograph– is an instrument that detects and measures seismic waves • Seismologist – scientists who study earthquakes, can determine the strength of them

  20. Summary Turn to your partner and tell them 2 things you learned!

  21. Homework True or False If it is false, make the statement TRUE

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