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Proposal writing

Proposal writing. By Dr. Hamda Qotba, B.Med.Sc, M.D, ABCM. What are the main components?. Title Introduction Rationale Aim Objectives Methodology Results Discussion Recommendations. Stages of research process. Selecting a problem Formulate hypothesis Reviewing the literature

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Proposal writing

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  1. Proposal writing By Dr. Hamda Qotba, B.Med.Sc, M.D, ABCM Dr.Hamda Qotba

  2. What are the main components? • Title • Introduction • Rationale • Aim • Objectives • Methodology • Results • Discussion • Recommendations Dr.Hamda Qotba

  3. Stages of research process • Selecting a problem • Formulate hypothesis • Reviewing the literature • Constructing research design • Analysis of data • Generating conclusions • Writing proposal Dr.Hamda Qotba

  4. Basic guidelines • Priority health problems • Simple, low cost, yield practical results • Influence policy, improve services, improvement of community health Dr.Hamda Qotba

  5. How and what to select? • Relevance • Avoidance of duplication • Feasibility • Political acceptability • Applicability • Interest • Theoretical and practical value • Time frame Dr.Hamda Qotba

  6. Title • Subject of study • Where? • When? Title Dr.Hamda Qotba

  7. Introduction • Define the nature of the problem • Demographic background • Geographic sitting • Community size • Related health services • Information related to the study (literature review) • Rationale (purpose to carry out the study) • Aim (General) • Objectives • SMART Dr.Hamda Qotba

  8. Methodology • Detailed like cook book • Achieve the objective • Follow Islamic teaching and moral ethics Dr.Hamda Qotba

  9. Character of sample population Study type Sample size determination Sampling technique Case definition Selection and exclusion criteria Tools and source of data collection Validity and reliability Statistical methods Package and tests Pilot study When, where, and how? Limitations Methodology contents Dr.Hamda Qotba

  10. study question study design study sample study variables pilot study data collection data analysis results and conclusion Dr.Hamda Qotba

  11. Research question (FINER) • Feasible • Adequate number of subject, money • Interesting • Novel • To confirm or refute findings • Ethical • Relevant • To clinical or health policy, future research • Comparison • Risk factor • Association Dr.Hamda Qotba

  12. Study design • Case series • Define a problem • Survey • Describe a population • Case- Control • Compare cases to controls • Cohort • Follow exposed subject • Randomized Clinical trial • Expose and follow Dr.Hamda Qotba

  13. Subjects Population of interest Study sample • Inclusion criteria • Main characteristics of the population • Exclusion criteria • Individuals that complicate the study Dr.Hamda Qotba

  14. Sampling strategies • Random sampling • Every individual has the same chance of being chosen • Systematic sampling • Every Nth individual is chosen • Stratified sampling • Population divided into subgroups (strata) and each subgroup randomly sampled Dr.Hamda Qotba

  15. Sampling strategies • Cluster sampling • Population divided into subgroups and some of subgroup randomly selected then sampled • Convenience sampling • You take what you can get Dr.Hamda Qotba

  16. How to select appropriate statistical test • Type of variables • Quantitative (blood pres.) • Qualitative (gender) • Type of research question • Association • Comparison • Risk factor • Data structure • Independent • Paired • matched Dr.Hamda Qotba

  17. Types of variables • Quantitative • Continuous (age, blood pres.) • Discrete( number of brothers, years) • Qualitative • Categorical ( blood groups, gender) • Ordinal (educational level, stage of disease) Dr.Hamda Qotba

  18. Types of variable Dependent independent Test categorical categorical chi-square Quantitative categorical Log. regression categorical 2 out come T test 3+out come ANOVA Quantitative Quantitative Quantitative Body of research question Association of 2 variable(dep, indep) Spearman Correlation linear Regression Dr.Hamda Qotba

  19. Comparing (difference) variables Variable Number of independent variable 2 groups paired data >2groups ANOVA T test Paired T test Quantitative Ordinal Categorical Mann-Whitney Kruskal wallis Wilcoxon chi-square* McNemar chi-square • * When 1 of the cells have <5 in expected fischer exact • When 1 of the cells have <5 in observed yats correction Dr.Hamda Qotba

  20. Looking for Risk Factor Types of variables Dependent several indepen. Test Multiple log. Regression categorical categorical quantitative categorical ANOVA quantitative quantitative Linear, log regression Dr.Hamda Qotba

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