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Developmental Disorders of Childhood

Developmental Disorders of Childhood . PSY 4320 Clinical Neuropsychology Dr. Steve T. Barney. Neurodevelopmental Pattern. CNS Critical Period . Teratogens - Toxic agents that can cause birth defects. Radiation Metals (Mercury, Lead) Drugs/Alcohol Stress Fever Malnutrition

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Developmental Disorders of Childhood

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  1. Developmental Disorders of Childhood PSY 4320 Clinical Neuropsychology Dr. Steve T. Barney

  2. Neurodevelopmental Pattern

  3. CNS Critical Period

  4. Teratogens-Toxic agents that can cause birth defects • Radiation • Metals (Mercury, Lead) • Drugs/Alcohol • Stress • Fever • Malnutrition • Infections/Maternal Diseases • Chemicals (Thiolidimide) • http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/teratogens.html

  5. Vulnerability During Childhood • Plasticity- The degree to which learning, and behavioral functioning is restored after brain injury or disease • Kennard Principle- Immature brain is more plastic than the adult brain, so some damage in childhood can be less devastating than in adults • Some childhood damage, leads to dysfunction in related systems as the child develops (i.e., concussion and later deficiencies in executive functioning)

  6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Leading cause of mental retardation in the Western Civilization (Streissguth, 1997) • 1.9 Cases per 1,000 births • More with FAS than with Down Syndrome, HIV, and Muscular Dystrophy combined

  7. Facial Morphology of FAS

  8. Facial Morphology of FAS

  9. The Fetal Alcohol Brain

  10. Behavioral Effects of FAS • Attention deficits • Memory deficits • Hyperactivity • Difficulty with abstract concepts • Inability to manage money • Poor problem solving skills • Difficulty learning from consequences • Immature social behavior • Inappropriately friendly to strangers • Lack of control over emotions • Poor impulse control • Poor judgment

  11. Neural and Neuropsychological Effects • High VBR • Frontal Lobe Reduction • Collosal Agenesis or Hypogenesis • Decreased • IQ • Verbal Learning • Thinking and Reasoning and Executive Functioning • Verbal naming • Academic Achievement • Visual-motor Integration • Fine Motor Dexterity and Coordination • Social Dysfunction • Mental Flexibility

  12. Ingestion Amounts • Depends on whom you ask! • http://www.come-over.to/FAS/ZeroAlcohol.htm • http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/FetalAlcoholSyndrome.html • Best medical advice is to Avoid All Alcohol if pregnant, or having unprotected sex as almost ½ of all pregnancies are unplanned Mayo Clinic

  13. WAIS-IV Scores

  14. Shaken Baby Syndrome • Up to 30% of infant deaths • 80% perpetrators are male • 50% Natural Parents • 17% Non-Relatives • 17% are Mother’s Boyfriends • 6% are Step Parents • 10% Other • Less than 10 Seconds

  15. Shaken Baby Syndrome • Symptoms • Seizures • Paralysis • Mental Retardation • Learning Disabilities • Emotional Difficulties • http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/home/50434735-76/cayden-slack-canum-family.html.csp

  16. Genetic and Chromosomal Disorders • William’s Syndrome • Facial Morphology • Distractibility • Cognitive deficiencies • Reasoning • Problem Solving • Visuospatial • Sound sensitivity • Hypersocialilty • Language normal or near normal • Good Facial Recognition • Musical Talents

  17. IQ Test Results

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