1 / 19

Homologous series (reminder) Cis -trans Isomer (reminder)

Homologous series (reminder) Cis -trans Isomer (reminder). Warm-up. What is a possible struc form for a molecule with… Ketone C 4 H 8 O Aldehyde C 6 H 12 O Carboxylic acid C 5 H 10 O 2 Halide C 2 H 5 Cl. Warm-up II. What is more soluble in water, propanone , or 2 – propanol ? Why?

horace
Télécharger la présentation

Homologous series (reminder) Cis -trans Isomer (reminder)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Homologous series (reminder) • Cis-trans Isomer (reminder)

  2. Warm-up • What is a possible struc form for a molecule with… • Ketone C4H8O • Aldehyde C6H12O • Carboxylic acid C5H10O2 • Halide C2H5Cl

  3. Warm-up II • What is more soluble in water, propanone, or 2 – propanol? Why? • What is the structural formula for 2, 2–dimethylbutane? • Write the reaction for the chlorination of ethane.

  4. Warm-up III • Naming/formula issues • Determine longest chain • Order of priority • Functional groups determine the end of the name • Except halides (they are not a priority) • Alphabetic order for alkyl groups

  5. Reactions of Alkanes • Combustion • Complete and Incomplete • Halogenation • Mech. (I, P, T) & a connection to O3 • Why not more? • Alkanes are not very reactive due to the strength of the C – C bond and the lack of polarization • Let’s start a reactions map. • So far we have Alkane haloalkane

  6. Ozone • How does ozone work?

  7. Alkenes • Much more reactive • What is a DB? • Why might it be more reactive?

  8. Alkenes • Addition reactions • Let’s start w/ simplest alkene • What happens when we add • H2 • Br2 • HBr • H2O (with H2SO4 catalyst) • Add these to the map

  9. Alkenes • Uses of Alkene reactions • Bromination: Used to detect presence of alkenes. Color change. • Hydration: Much of the EtOH produced comes from this process. Ethene is produced in refining of petroleum. • Hydrogenation: Margarine etc.

  10. Reactions So Far

  11. Polymerization of Alkenes • Polymers are long chains of repeating units • Like a train • Linking units of ethene produce polyethene (polythene) (#2 HDPE or #4 LDPE) • Phenylethene produces poly-phenylethene (#6 PS) • If you start with chloroethene you get polychloroethene (AKA polyvinylchloride) (#3 V) • If you start with tetrafluoroethene you get poly tetrafluoroethene (PTFE) or Teflon

  12. Alcohols • Now that we know how to produce alcohols non-biologically, what can we do with it? • Combustion • Importance? • Oxidation using acidified-dichromate solution • 1st product: ethanal (what is this?) and water • 2nd product: Ethanoic acid (what is this?) • Could this same process make a Ketone? • What type of carbon would be needed?

  13. Reactions So Far

  14. Reactions of Haloalkanes • Substitution reactions: Meaning that the halogen goes away • Example: OH- subs a Chlorine in chloromethane • What do you get? • How does it happen? (mechanism)

  15. Nucleophilic Substitution • Nucleophile – substance with electrons available for bonding (L.P.) therefore attracted to a nucleus • Polarity of C-halo bond • Two types of mechanisms: • SN2 (single step, primary haloalkanes) • Rate = k [X] [A] • Bimolecular (that’s why SN2) • SN1 (multi-step, tertiary haloalkanes) • Rate = k [X] • Unimolecular

  16. Reactions So Far Trihaloalkanes Tetrahaloalkanes M M

  17. Practice • Write a reaction for each of the following: • Make an alcohol from Propene • Make a Ketone out of 2-butanol • Chloroethane from ethane • Dichloroethane from chloroethane • Pentanoic acid from pentanol • Challenge: Methyl ethanoate(Hint: what functional group is this?)

More Related