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The Port Phillip District

The Port Phillip District. Immigration. Why come? Europeans began arriving on the shores of what was to become know as Port Phillip in the 1820s. Immigration. Push Horrendous conditions in Great Britain The land grab from Van Diemons land/over crowding Pull

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The Port Phillip District

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  1. The Port Phillip District

  2. Immigration • Why come? • Europeans began arriving on the shores of what was to become know as Port Phillip in the 1820s.

  3. Immigration • Push • Horrendous conditions in Great Britain • The land grab from Van Diemons land/over crowding • Pull • The lure of lush pastures and free land • Free from convict taint.

  4. HOW? • Shipping Agents (see Mirams etal) • Govt sponsorship • Paid your own way • Freed/pardoned convicts • Overland (inter-colonial migration)

  5. Ideas about land ownership • Pre-conceived ideas about social organisation, law, culture and the means of production • Civilised man • Development of towns • Agriculture and horticulture • Molesting/manipulating the land

  6. Marvellous Melbourne • Melbourne, originally known as ‘Bearbass’ was established in 1835 (officially 1837) • Fawkner and Batman debate (who settled?) • Visions for the colony • Trade port • Intellectual city • Advancement and infrastructure

  7. Visions for the colony • Governor Bourke • Robert Hoddle (surveyor) • Charles LaTrobe (1st Governor) • John Pascoe Fawkner • Redmond Barry (judge/ benefactor) • Francis Ormond (businessman/ philanthropist

  8. Indigenous Australians • Traditional mode of living / “to the Aborigines land was life itself” • Reciprocity • Hunter - gatherer society • Impact of European settlement • Dispossession (physical and cultural) • Vices (a serious moral failing, immoral practice or undesirable habit) • Violence • Disease • Advancement

  9. Responses Government response - protectorate - exclusions (forbidden to carry guns, La Trobe ordered Aborigines from central Melbourne) Settler’s response - benign/ benevolent - aggressive - inclusive Aboriginal response - submissive - aggressive -assertive/proactive

  10. The Protectorate • What was its role? • What were the aims? • Who was involved? • Why did it fail?

  11. VICTORIA: MELBOURNE 1851 • Separation: Why was this essential to the colony? • Township & infrastructure: The making of Marvelous Melbourne • Immigration: Impact (benefits and disadvantage)

  12. GOLD • Gold – discovery 1851 near Bathurst • Transformed the colony from an agricultural outpost to a thriving metropolis • Settlements - Ballarat, Bendigo, Castlemaine, Clunes, Daylesford, Geelong, Heathcote, Warrandyte • What did the discovery of gold represent for the colony and the colonists?

  13. Short-term impact • Mass migration • Establishment of new towns • Family abandonment • Moral decay • Illnesses • New businesses • Environmental degradation

  14. Long-term impact • Metropolis that was Melbourne • Economics/Wealth/prosperity • Population (Chinese, Germans, Irish etc) • Politics • Cultural and educational advances • The Land question- the selection Acts • Environment

  15. Life on the diggings • The diggings • Men (fossickers, shop owners etc) • Women (wives, mothers, entertainers etc) • Migrants (Irish, Italians, Americans, Chinese, Germans etc) • Natives • Native police (1837 – 1853)

  16. Eureka and outcomes 1854 • Background • Licence fees and hunts • Police brutality • Events • Scobie murder • Bakery hotel • People/groups/concepts • Chartism • The Ballarat Reform League • Peter Lalor • Outcome • Gold Commission • Licence fee £1

  17. Political visions • Male franchise • Self-Government - the vote 1854 • 8 hour day (888) - 1856

  18. 1860 - 1888 • Transforming the colony • National identity • Riding on the sheep’s back • Working mans paradise • Anti-immigrant • Assimilation • New labour market (Chinese and Kanakas) • Unionism • Urbanisation • Industrialisation (railways, telecommunications, trade) • Free and secular education 1866

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