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The History of Alcohol Vehicle Interlock Programs: Lost Opportunities and New Possibilities

This comprehensive report delves into the evolution of alcohol vehicle interlock programs, exploring their development, challenges, effectiveness, and future trends. From interlock equipment advancements to program evaluations and policy issues, this analysis covers key aspects shaping the landscape of DUI offender management.

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The History of Alcohol Vehicle Interlock Programs: Lost Opportunities and New Possibilities

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  1. History of Alcohol Vehicle Interlock Programs: Lost Opportunities and New Possibilities Robert B. Voas and Paul R. Marques Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Calverton, Maryland

  2. Acknowledgements • This, as is the case on most of our work, is the product of a “augmented” PIRE team: • Dr. Paul Marques (PIRE) • Mr. Scott Tippetts (PIRE) • Dr. Dick Roth in New Mexico

  3. Managing DUI Offenders • Provide education/treatment to promote recovery • Control driving risk while recovery occurs---Incapacitation

  4. Incapacitation • Jail • Electronically monitored home confinement • License suspension • Vehicle sanctions • Interlocks • Alcohol monitoring

  5. Growth of Unlicensed Driving • Coppin and Van Oldenbeek • Ross and Gonzales • Texas Transportation Institute study • McCartt study • Delay in reinstatement studies

  6. Interlock Precursors: Measuring Driver Performance • WW II research on pilot performance • Driver performance research • Instrumented cars • Quick key • Eye movement • Alertness and fatigue measures

  7. Development of Interlock Equipment • Semi-conductor sensors • Fuel cell sensors • Borg Warner • Performance interlocks • Phase 1 units • Phase 2 units • NHTSA standards

  8. Development of Interlock Programs • Early “voluntary” programs • Mandatory Programs—Implementation and monitoring failures • Alternative sanctions to motivated installation • Conflicts between hard suspension interlock programs • Administrative programs • Post-reinstatement programs • Interlock requirement for posting bail

  9. Evaluations of Interlock Programs • Interlocks installed vs. suspended offenders • Interlock removed with suspended offenders • Interlock installed with period following removal • Random assignment: A test of the interlock license requirement • Individual differences • Limited information on crash reductions • Non-alcohol-related crashes

  10. Interlock Ancillary and Support Programs • SIP (Support Interlock Programs): Assisting the offender to conform to the program requirements • Use of interlock record to manage sentencing objectively • Use of the interlock record to manage treatment programs

  11. Current Program Issues • The “no car” problem • The “no driving” pledge problem • The alternative vehicle problem • The delay in installation problem • The interlock cost problem • Identification problem • Sanctions for circumvention • The reinstatement problem

  12. Policy Issues • Administrative vs. court-managed programs • Frequency of maintenance • Actions on high BAC attempts • Interlock program standard • State management of interlock providers

  13. Future Trends • Monitoring abstinence: Transdermal Systems • Monitoring abstinence: blood markers • Position location monitoring systems • Universal application of interlocks on all cars • Smart card key systems

  14. The End Thank you! Questions??

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