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Human information behaviour: electronic resources, digital library use and evaluation

Human information behaviour: electronic resources, digital library use and evaluation. Jela Steinerová, Jaroslav Šušol Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia, steinerova @ fphil.uniba.sk , susol @ fphil.uniba.sk. Agenda.

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Human information behaviour: electronic resources, digital library use and evaluation

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  1. Human information behaviour: electronic resources, digital library use and evaluation Jela Steinerová, Jaroslav Šušol Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia, steinerova@fphil.uniba.sk, susol@fphil.uniba.sk

  2. Agenda • Research project VEGA : interaction of man and information environment • User surveys in Slovakia • A model of an average user • Differences in user groups • Use of electronic resources • Conclusions: proposals for digital libraries Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  3. Research project VEGA 1/9236/02 Contexts of research project • New challenges: changes in information provision in libraries • digital libraries: • integration of sources, user communities • accessibility of electronic communication • open information structures in digital environment Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  4. Contexts of research project • Information behaviour of users in information seeking – conceptual model • Stable preferences (motivation, sources, access) • Patterns (orientation, cooperation, information processing) • Evaluation (relevance, strategy, success) Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  5. Several user studies: 1. academic and research libraries in Slovakia (students, educators, research workers) 2. electronic resources, internet 3. special community (visually impaired users) 4. scientific and research workers (Slovak Academy of Sciences) 5. elderly users of public libraries Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  6. Assumptions and goals of user studies • strategic aspects of information seeking • role of collaboration in information seeking • expectations (change of knowledge states) • first access points (catalogue, internet) • motivation for information seeking • professional journals • role of simple and easy access Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  7. What are the users´ perceptions of information seeking process based on constant preferences of information use? What are the perceptions of users during the information seeking process? What are the perceptions of users after the completion of information seeking? How do users make use of electronic resources? Are they willing to publish in the electronic environment? Research questions of user studies Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  8. User survey – academic and research libraries • 793 subjects • 16 selected academic and research libraries • June - July 2002 • questionnaire, methodological guidelines • data gathering, coding, analyses • Final Report (2004) Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  9. A model of an average user • 57% men, 55 % students, 52 % age to 25 • Good accessibility, well-arranged form • Authorities (sources, authors) • Immediate use (pragmatic aspect: stragegic user group) Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  10. A model of an average user • Broader categories (access) • Little planning of information seeking • Little willingness to invest time, money (free access) • Often changes of systems, sources, services (problem re-definition) – need for help • Relevance judgements : keywords • Preferences of simple language Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  11. Males: Preferences of individual work Confirmation of prior knowledge Preferences of internet Optimism, satisfaction Females More often use of catalogues, bibliographies Collaboration, help of librarians Relief, careful approach Differences between user groups Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  12. Differences between user groups: males, females Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  13. Students (novices) First source : internet Collaboration Help of librarians Managers (experts) Timeliness Individual work More frequent use of catalogues, reference Difference between user groups Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  14. Differences between user groups: managers, students Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  15. Technical sciences Help of librarians Better organization of work Timely information Better problem formulation Social sciences Individual work More help in problem formulation Use of less libraries First access points: easy access Differences between user groups: technical sciences, social sciences Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  16. Differences between user groups by subjects (technical, social sciences) Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  17. User preferences in electronic resources user preferences in electronic communication • attitude of users towards electronic resources in saturation of their scientific (academic) information needs; • attitude of authors towards electronic resources in publishing the results of scientific research. perception of trustworthiness and reliability of electronic resources Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  18. User preferences in electronic resources user preferences along the axis of reliability/ seriousness of the resource – availability/ speed of access • usage of electronic resources; • types of electronic resources; • characteristics of electronic resources (comparison with traditional documents); • usage of paid resources - what financial means; • percentage of users who prefer electronic resources. Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  19. Actual usage of electronic resources highest level of usage: up to 18 years (91,7%), 31–40-years old (75,3%). lower level of frequent usage 18–25-years, also highest level of rare usage (27,6%). the lowest rate of frequent usage / highest rate of rare usage / of non-usage - social sciences and arts 1% 6% Graph 1. 25% yes, frequently Usage of seldom electronic resources no, not using no answer 68%

  20. Actual usage of electronic resources individual payment - decreasing with the age of respondents, from 15,1% (18–25-years) to 6,7% (51 and older). resources paid by a library - increasing rate of cases with increasing age Men - more concentrated on free resources; more willing to pay individually? Women - more aware of institutional/library arrangements - ”goal-centred” attitude towards information searching? 13% 51% Graph 2. Usage of paid no, only freely available el. resources yes, paid by an institution / library 36% yes, access paid individually

  21. Types of electronic resources used individual web pages 1% Top 3 ranking valid across all age groups age groups: 41–50-old - electronic journals first position. user groups - researchers and scientists 2% electronic journals 4% Graph 3. web pages of prof. 25% 7% organisations Types of el. resources web pages of used conferences, congresses e-mail lists 35% newsgroups 26% other resources on internet Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  22. Preferring electronic resources decreasing tendency with an increasing age disciplines - weak rate of usage in social sciences and arts; rate of preferences higher by approx. 1/2 in sciences and technical disciplines gender - rate of acceptance is a little lower in women than in men user groups - researchers and managers - positive attitude higher than negative; teachers rate of refusal is 1/3 higher than their acceptance 11% Graph 4. Preferring 42% el. resources yes no no answer 47%

  23. Characteristics of el. resources quick accessibility 1% First three characteristics - technological and socio-economic properties of the electronic publishing systems Creation of hypertext links - a property of electronic sources per se. Access free of charge ? 5% up-to-datedness 2% Graph 5. no charge Characteristics 13% 31% of el. resources searching of the text 9% linking to other resources ecological aspect 14% multimediality 25% other Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  24. Characteristics of traditional resources Reliability, seriousness - features of formal communication channels users categories - more important for teachers (63%), researchers (65,9%) and managers (75%), than for the students (55%) 2% 22% 27% Graph 6. seriousness – Characteristics publisher’s renome of traditional reliability resources stability 16% simple usage 33% other Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  25. Orientation stage of information seeking links of information seeking with problem solution (education) changes of problem understanding in the course of seeking support: initial stages of seeking, organization of work, understanding concepts, overview of sources, confirmation of understanding, relevance judgement Intellectual stage support of intellectual information processing, selection, analysis, interpretation, synthesis Reorganization, restructuring creative use of information in digital environment Collaboration in digital environment Conclusions : proposals for digital libraries Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  26. Conclusions: library services, library and information education • Digital libraries: support of the intellectual stage of information seeking • Strategic and analytic user groups (relations to information use) • Combination: trustworthy traditions + new electronic communication patterns • Information literacy support Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  27. Shift of scholarly communication into electronic environment (users, authors) Special user groups (visually impaired)- special needs (technology+human facilitation) design of digital reference services and systems collaborative systems of information use new methods of knowledge organization sensitivity to contexts of user information styles new contexts of knowledge integration Conclusion Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  28. Conclusions • Integration of patterns of user behaviour into systems, services, products • Steps: LONG-TERM process • first level - technological infrastructure, information sources • second level – content services: styles: values, practices • third level – people: training, information literacy • fourth level – management, philosophy • n-th level: integration: digital libraries, media, learning Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  29. Conclusions • Challenge of information science:co-existence models of complex systems – digital libraries: technology+culture global+local theory+practice past+futureindividual+social neutral+emotional Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

  30. CONCLUSIONS: information behaviour-driven information society • humans: different roles (citizen, learner, worker, family member, community member) • humans: physical, intellectual development • humans: consumption, creativity, production • information behaviour: orientation (space, time), intellectual activity (knowledge) • cooperation: private, public sectors Steinerová, Šušol, Comenius University Bratislava, LIDA 2004

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