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The History of Life

The History of Life. Section 17–4 Patterns of Evolution This section describes six important patterns of large-scale, long-term evolutionary change. Introduction. The large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time are referred to as _______. macroevolution.

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The History of Life

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  1. The History of Life Section 17–4 Patterns of Evolution • This section describes six important patterns of large-scale, long-term evolutionary change.

  2. Introduction • The large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time are referred to as _______. • macroevolution

  3. Complete the concept map.

  4. Extinction • What are possible causes of mass extinctions? • Possible causes include a huge asteroid striking Earth, many large volcanoes erupting, continents changing position, and sea levels changing.

  5. What effects have mass extinctions had on the history of life? • The disappearance of so many species left habitats open. Often, the result was a burst of evolution that produced many new species.

  6. Adaptive Radiation • The process of a single species or a small group of species evolving into diverse forms that live in different ways is called_____. • adaptive radiation

  7. Adaptive Radiation What led to the adaptive radiation of mammals? • The disappearance of the dinosaurs led to the adaptive radiation of mammals.

  8. Convergent Evolution • The process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble one another is called ________. • convergent evolution

  9. Convergent Evolution • Circle the letter of each choice that is an example of convergent evolution. • b. Shark’s fin and dolphin’s limb

  10. Coevolution The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time is called coevolution .

  11. Coevolution • How have plants and plant-eating insects coevolved? • Plants have evolved poisons to prevent insects from feeding on them. Insects, in turn, have evolved ways of inactivating or eliminating the poisons.

  12. Punctuated Equilibrium • The idea that evolution occurs at a slow, steady rate is called_____. • gradualism

  13. Punctuated Equilibrium • What are some reasons rapid evolution may occur after long periods of equilibrium? It may occur when a small population becomes isolated or a small group migrates to a new environment. It may also occur following a mass extinction.

  14. Punctuated Equilibrium The pattern of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change is called _______. punctuated equilibrium

  15. Punctuated Equilibrium Is the following sentence true or false? Evolution has often proceeded at different rates for different organisms. TRUE

  16. Developmental Genes and Body Plans How can hox genes help reveal how evolution occurred? Homologous hox genesestablish body plans in animals that have not shared a common ancestor in hundreds of millionsof years. In addition, major evolutionary changes may be based on hox genes.

  17. Developmental Genes and Body Plans Is the following sentence true or false? Changes in the timing of genetic control during embryonic development can contribute to the variation involved in natural selection. true

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