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American Romanticism 1800-1860. Historical Context . Industrial Revolution 1760-1840 1803 Louisiana Purchase Enlightenment 1714 - 1818 1848 Gold rush Mid 1800’s – Suffrage Movement Right around the corner - Civil War 1861 - 1865. Romanticism. Reaction to Revolutionary Period
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Historical Context • Industrial Revolution 1760-1840 • 1803 Louisiana Purchase • Enlightenment 1714 - 1818 • 1848 Gold rush • Mid 1800’s – Suffrage Movement • Right around the corner - Civil War 1861 - 1865
Romanticism • Reaction to Revolutionary Period • Reaction to the Industrial Revolution • Imagination over Reason • Intuition over Fact • Focus on Emotions
Romanticism • Dark / Gothic Romantics • Nature is alien or even frightening • Loss of place in the urban, modern world • Enthusiasm for the wild or grotesque in nature • Emotional psychology Transcendentalists • Love of nature • Idealization of rural life • Love of beauty and nature • Sympathy and sentimentality
Supernatural events Damsels in distress Creepy / disturbed characters Dark / Gothic Romantic Literature
Creepy settings Omens and dreams Highly charged emotional states Dark / Gothic Romantic Literature
Dark / Gothic Romantic Literature • deep awareness of the human capacity for evil • probing of the mind, conscience, and heart
The Dark / Gothic Romantics Three giants from this period are Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poe. Hawthorne and Poe are what have been called “brooding” romantics or “anti-transcendentalists” while Irving’s works are interspersed with dark humor.
Washington Irving “The Devil and Tom Walker” “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” “Rip Van Winkle” • Father of American Literature • 1789 – 1851
Nathaniel Hawthorne Sin, Guilt, Pride, Selfishness The Scarlet Letter “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment” “Rappaccini’s Daughter” “The Minister’s Black Veil” “The Birthmark” “Young Goodman Brown” • 1804 - 1864
Edgar Allan Poe Created the modern short story & the detective story “Masque of the Red Death” “The Fall of the House of Usher” “The Raven” “The Cask of Amontillado” “The Tell-Tale Heart” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” • 1809 - 1849