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Statement of the Problem

Title : Women and politeness: The hybrid language and culture of Chinese Indonesian women in Surabaya {From the Dissertation research (2001): Women and Politeness: A sociolinguistic study of two Chinese Indonesian mother-daughter pairs in Surabaya.} Author : Esther Kuntjara

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Statement of the Problem

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  1. Title: Women and politeness: The hybrid language and culture of Chinese Indonesian women in Surabaya {From the Dissertation research (2001): Women and Politeness: A sociolinguistic study of two Chinese Indonesian mother-daughter pairs in Surabaya.} Author: Esther Kuntjara Year of publication: 2009 Publisher: VDM Verlag, Germany. Pages: 158

  2. Statement of the Problem • How does the language behavior of the four Chinese Indonesian women from two generations reveal the concept of politeness? • What language changes and language maintenance can be seen from the two generations of Chinese Indonesian women? • What does the use of politeness show about their being Chinese Indonesian.

  3. Subjects of the Study Mother (+ 50 years old) • Chinese education background • Strong orientation in Chinese tradition & culture • Business woman • Has 4 children (2 boys & 2 girls) Daughter (+ 20 years old) • S1 degree in English • Catholic • Assisting her mother’s and her husband’s business • Has just married Mother (+ 60 years old) - Dutch education background • More oriented towards western / Dutch culture • Home Business woman • Has 3 daughters Daughter (+30 years old) • S1 degree in Law • Catholic • Manage her own business as public notary • Has 2 sons

  4. Methods Qualitative Ethnographic Study Participant Observation Unstructured Interview Oral History Constant Comparative Method Working Hypotheses Triangulation

  5. Conceptual Framework Brown and Levinson (’78 & ’87) “Model Person” Pos & Neg face Asian languages of politeness: Matsumoto (1988) Ide (1989) Gu (1990) Mao (1993) etc. Indonesian Politeness? Appropriateness? Other languages: Holmes (1995) Tannen (1990) BlumKulka (1987) Etc.

  6. The Speech Acts of Politeness • Terms of address • Compliments and their responses • Show of appreciation and gratitudes • Requests and their responses • Apologies

  7. The language behavior that revealed the concept of politeness • Chinese educated background females showed a tendency of maintaining the Chinese customs that show humility and indirectness. The Dutch educated background females showed more flexibility and pragmatism. • Compliments and apologies were hardly used by Chinese Indonesian females.

  8. The Language Change • Younger generation Chinese Indonesian females adapted more to the Indonesian and western customs of politeness language. • Younger generation Chinese Indonesian female from the Dutch educated mother was more pragmatic and egalitarian than the younger generation female of the Chinese educated mother.

  9. Language Maintenance • Younger Chinese educated background female maintained the use of Chinese terms to show their pride of being Chinese. • Younger Dutch educated background female maintained the use of silent language in order to avoid conflict and to sustain relationships.

  10. Being Chinese Indonesians • Older Chinese Indonesian females used Chinese terms to reflect the fact that being Chinese was undeniable. • Younger Chinese Indonesian females used direct as well as indirect speech acts and Indonesian terms showing either she was ambivalent about her Chineseness or a strong detachment of being Chinese.

  11. Gender, BahasadanKekuasaan Penulis: Esther Kuntjara Penerbit: BPK GunungMulia Thterbit: 2003, 2004. Thank you …

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