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Animal Form and Function

Animal Form and Function. Animal Nutrition Refer to pg 233-237 in Holtzclaw, Ch 41 in Campbell and media resources. FIRST FROM LAST CLASS…. Try These! What are the four types of tissue? What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?. Tissue Types. Epithelial Tissue

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Animal Form and Function

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  1. Animal Form and Function Animal NutritionRefer to pg 233-237 in Holtzclaw, Ch 41 in Campbell and media resources

  2. FIRST FROM LAST CLASS… Try These! • What are the four types of tissue? • What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?

  3. Tissue Types • Epithelial Tissue • Connective Tissue • Muscle Tissue • Nervous

  4. FEEDBACK SYSTEMS CONTROL • Negative (opposite) Feedback Systems • Animal response reduces stimulus • Temperature control • Positive (same)Feedback Systems • Animal response amplifies the change (instead of reversing it) • Childbirth

  5. TODAY: HOW DO ANIMALS OBTAIN AND PROCESS FOOD?

  6. Try This!True or False? • All animals require an identical set of essential nutrients. • Essential nutrients must be obtained from diet. • Essential nutrients include amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins.

  7. Try This!True or False? • All animals require an identical set of essential nutrients. FALSE • Essential nutrients must be obtained from diet.TRUE • Essential nutrients include amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. TRUE

  8. Lobster

  9. Shark • You!

  10. YOU NEED YOUR VITAMINS! (AND MINERALS… AND… • Essential Nutrients: • Essential amino acids (there are eight that you cannot make on your own) • Essential fatty acids • Vitamins • Minerals

  11. Attention!

  12. Learning Intentions You must know: • The major compartments of the alimentary canal – oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines – and their contributions to animal nutrition. • The major digestive glands – salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder – and their contributions to animal nutrition. • The general scheme of chemical digestion of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  13. The Big Picture

  14. IF YOU WERE A SPONGE… • Intracellular Digestion • Occurs within a cell • Same as in single celled organisms (obviously)

  15. MOST ANIMALS… • Extracellular Digestion • Example: Gastrovascular Cavity (“blind gut”) • Phylum Cnideria and Phylum Platyhelminthes

  16. MOST ANIMALS… • Extracellular Digestion • Example: Alimentary Canal (complete digestive tract) • Phyla: Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

  17. Need to know Digestion of: • Carbohydrate • Protein • Fat • Nucleic Acid

  18. Hormonal Control • Gastrin • Secreted by stomach • Increases gastric juices • Enterogastrone • Secreted by duodenum • Slows peristalsis for increased fat digestion • Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) • Secreted by duodenum • Increased pancreatic and gall bladder juices

  19. Absorption of Nutrients • Small Intestine • Very high surface area! • Long, convoluted, villi, microvilli • Capillaries – glucose, amimo acids • Lacteals – fat

  20. Large Intestine and E. coli • Symbiosis! • They synthesize vitamins • You provide food

  21. Learning Intentions Do you know: • The major compartments of the alimentary canal – oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines – and their contributions to animal nutrition. • The major digestive glands – salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder – and their contributions to animal nutrition. • The general scheme of chemical digestion of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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