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Art

Art. Pages 12-25. Greek and Roman Art. Pages 12-15. Greek Art . Three Main Cultures. Cycladic -3200 to 2000 BCE -geometric nude figures -produced pottery Minoan -Minotaur & snake goddess -painted frescoes on palace walls and pottery designs -built 4 major palaces

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Art

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  1. Art Pages 12-25

  2. Greek and Roman Art Pages 12-15

  3. Greek Art

  4. Three Main Cultures Cycladic -3200 to 2000 BCE -geometric nude figures -produced pottery Minoan -Minotaur & snake goddess -painted frescoes on palace walls and pottery designs -built 4 major palaces Mycenaean -around Mycenae. -built large tombs -mastered in gold smithing

  5. Archaic Period (660-475 BCE) -limestone & marble sculptures (depicted human features) -Temples using common decorative styles -many types of vases a. Corinthian black figures with floral backs b. Athenian large black figures c. Red Figure against black Decorative Styles

  6. Classical Art Pd. (475-323 BCE) -Simple, but strong sculptures -Simple sculptures replaced by Contrapposto. -Contrapposto displayed humans in a realistic stance that gave them a life-like appearance.

  7. Middle & Late Classical Pds. Middle Classical Pd. -448-400 BCE -architectural advances in temples -Parthenon a. restored in 447 BCE, destroyed in 480 BCE b. use of columns c. feature of Western Architecture for two thousand years Late Classical Pd. -400-323 BCE -Architecture declined when Athens was defeated in Peloponnesian War. -temples built using Doric columns -columns later changed to Corinthian

  8. Hellenistic Period -331 to 323 BCE -Eastern influence -Greek styles blended with Asia Minor -freestanding sculptures such as Venus de Milo and Laccoön Group.

  9. Etruscan Art -Transition of Greek to Roman -arose in Italy in first millennium BCE a. tomb decoration b. buildings constructed of brick & wood c. ceramic models show temples with tiled gabled roofs & Greek styled columns. d. sarcophagus lids, baked clay artwork, and bronze work present. e. paintings on walls & tomb ceilings that displayed figures playing music and dancing for Funerals.

  10. Roman Art

  11. Basics of Roman Art -early art influenced by Etruscan art -By the second century BCE, art reflected Greek art styles -made many advances in architecture and engineering -made a concrete mixture to put in spaces of stone walls -Road system -Two major buildings a. Colosseum (72-80 CE) b. Pantheon (117-125 CE)

  12. Basics cont. -created many sculptures -created sculptures, tombs, and sarcophagi for funerals -created sculpted portraits -tiny carved portraits of the deceased for funeral purposes -made many types of vaults and arches

  13. Byzantine and Medieval Art Pages 15-16

  14. Byzantine Art

  15. Basics of Byzantine -Byzantine began with the fall of Rome. -well known art includes mosaics that has a Christian influence -Byzantium mosaics in churches such as Ravenna -Hagia Sophia is an example of great Byzantine architecture.

  16. Medieval Period

  17. Medieval Basics -The art of this era was largely church based. -Books made by monks that were largely illustrated helped change the artistic ideas of northern and southern Europe. -Popular books include Book of Kells and Coronation Gospels.

  18. Early Medieval Period -375 to 1025 AD -Metal work was very popular during this period. -Abstract, creative, geometric pieces -Very popular amongst the Germanic peoples -Wood was also a very popular amongst Vikings. -Styles of the Vikings merged with Celtic Ireland and Anglo-Saxon ideas to create Hiberno-Saxon.

  19. Later Medieval Art -900 to 1500 -decorative churches -Romanesque churches were the most popular. -These churches used the barrel vault type of arch. -massive walls were created to support churches. -many sculptures and paintings in churches.

  20. Gothic Style -Gothic styles applied to churches. -Included ribbed vaults & flying buttresses.

  21. Renaissance in Southern Europe Pages 16- 18

  22. Renaissance Artists

  23. Impacting Artists -Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) created realistic frescoes. -Lorenzo Ghiberti (1381-1455) created the doors for Florence’s Baptistery which depicted the sacrifice of Isaac. He also created the Gates of Paradise. -Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) developed the linear (single vanishing point) perspective. -Masaccio (1401-1428) used both linear and aerial perspectives in his frescoes. -Donatello (1389-11466) is known for his dramatic and natural sculptures. -Botticelli (1444-1510 created the Birth of Venus.

  24. High Renaissance Artists -Leonardo da Vinci is a “Renaissance Man”. He is well known for his inventions as well as his paintings. This includes The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. -Da Vinci used sfumato in paintings, which is mellow colors with blurred outlines. -Michelangelo is well known painter and sculptor. His best work includes Moses, The Dying Slave, and The Bound Slave. -He is known for his work on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

  25. High Renaissance cont. -Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520) was an influential painter. -Hired many people to help him -Best known for his frescoes, such as School of Athens. -Most influential painter of Madonna.

  26. Venice Artists -Giorgione (1477-1510) painted with landscape as the subject. -Titian Vecelli (1488-1576) created portraits of patrons. -Tintoretto (1518-1594) was a Mannerist, which meant he had distorted elements to his paintings. He also used light and dark contrasts (chiaroscuro).

  27. Other influences and Artists -The Protestant Reformation also impacted art. -The church reacted to the movement with the Counter Reformation. -Counter Reformation artists include Dominikos Theotokopoulos, also known as El Greco. -El Greco was influenced by Tintoretto’s mannerist style. -His works were considered transitional to the Baroque period.

  28. Renaissance in Northern Europe Pages 18-20

  29. Renaissance Art Basics

  30. Simple Ideas -Northern Artists embraced Renaissance Ideas more than Southern Artists. -The way of displaying color and perspective in art was different in the North.

  31. Well Known Artists -Matthias Grünewald (1475-1528) and Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) were great artists in Northern Europe. -Grünewald is best known for his depiction of The Crucifixion called the Isenheim Altarpiece. -Dürer is famous of Reformation Germany. He was influenced by Gothic works and Italian ideas. His most famous work includes The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. -Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543) is another artist best known for his work in England of King Henry VIII.

  32. Baroque Art Pages 20-22

  33. Baroque Styles

  34. Baroque Ideas -Baroque refers to art from the late 1500s until around 1750. -Baroque Art is influenced by emotions and the Counter Reformation. -Enlightenment authors, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau showed the conditions during this time through works. -Baroque period art was far from simple. It was very intricate and displayed many colors and emotions.

  35. Baroque Artists -Painters used chiaroscuro, which was to show huge contrasts between light and dark. -Caravaggio (1571-1610) was known for his extreme contrasts of light and dark. -Artemisia Gentilechi (1593-1652) was known for her self portraits and bible depictions. -Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) was known for his amazing sculpting, which includes his piece Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. -Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) was an artist from Flanders whose pieces had great color and energy.

  36. Artists cont. -A Dutch artist, Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) was known for his paintings: The Night Watch, Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq, and Company of the Civic Guard.

  37. Baroque and Louis XIV -Louis XIV thought it was important to influence art. -The Salon was set up to choose and support artists, and it set rules for judging art. -The Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture was established under Louis XIV’s rule as well.

  38. Baroque and Spain -In Spain, Diego Velazquez was considered “a contemporary of Bernini”. -Velazquez built his pieces from colors, and not drawing, -He influenced Impressionism.

  39. Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism Pages 22-23

  40. Rococo Basics and Artists -Rococo had an emphasis on lightly decorated art with gold and pastels. -Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) was the creator of fête galante, which was art showing the “elegant” enjoying their regular activities. -Francois Boucher (1703-1770) created country scenes and emphasized nubile nudes. -Jean-Honore Fragonard’s (1732-1806) work reflected Boucher’s.

  41. Neoclassicism Basics and Artists -The neoclassical style challenged Rococo. -Artists like Jacques (1748-1825) Louis David influenced Neoclassicism and republican virtues. -He also created Oath of the Horatii. -His student Jean Dominique Ingres had a more geometrical edge to Neoclassical styles.

  42. Romanticism Art -This art was emotional and dreamlike that focused on exotic themes. -Important romantic artists include Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863), Theodore Gericault (1791-1824), and William Blake (1757-1827).

  43. Realism and Impressionism Pages 23-24

  44. Realism -Realism was a reaction to Neoclassicism and Romanticism. -Shows all “real” aspects of the subject. -Artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) displayed ideas towards politics in his picture The Stonebreakers. -Other realistic artists include Honore Daumier and Jean Francios Miller.

  45. Impressionism -Grew from ideas against Salons from Louis XIV. -Artists like Edouard Manet (1832-1883) opposed the Salons and showed it though art like Luncheon on the Grass which was controversial. -Claude Monet (1840-1926) is also notable for his work such as Impression Sunrise. -Other artists include Camille Pissarro (1830-1903) and Alfred Sisley (1839-1899).

  46. Post-Impressionism & other late 19th Century Developments Pages 24-25

  47. Other Artists and Basic Ideas -Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) suggested that painting could be simplified to shapes. -Georges Seurat (1859-1891) put an emphasis on scientific color in art. -Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) intensified color to portray human emotions in paintings such as Night Café. -Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) chose an “unschooled” pattern for his work. -New creations made it easier for impressionists to paint outdoors. -Edgar Degas (1834-1917) tried a photographic sense of art with Japanese flare. -A group of artists in England, Pre-Raphaelites) attempted to go back to basic ideas of art. This created Art Nouveau, which was a decorative style of art.

  48. Thank You! Спасибо! -Alexis Hutchinson

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