Discuss how entrepreneurs develop new products. Explain the product development process.

2. Section Objectives • Discuss how entrepreneurs develop new products. • Explain the product development process.

3. The Main Idea Entrepreneurs work with limited resources, so they must find creative ways to develop and manufacture their products, such as outsourcing. Product development is a long process based on feedback from customers who test the product.

4. Content Vocabulary product development prototype

5. Product Development for Entrepreneurs The transformation from idea to marketable product is a lengthy process. Entrepreneurs must learn how to develop new products with limited resources.

6. What is Product Development? Some people consider product development to be the riskiest part of start-up of a new small business. product development the process of creating new or improved products

7. Outsourcing Product Development No matter what they are producing, entrepreneurs can use outsourcing to reduce the cost of product development. outsourcing hiring people and/or other companies to handle tasks a business cannot do or chooses not to do itself

8. The Product Development Process The four steps of product development are: • opportunity recognition • concept investigation • product design • prototype building and testing

9. The Product Development Process Product development is not a linear process. An entrepreneur may start developing a product and along the way discover something new that changes the direction of development.

10. The Product Development Process A prototype may not look like the final product, but should work like the final product. prototype a working model of a product

11. Designing It Right the First Time There are three good reasons for designing a product right the first time: • the cost of the design • the quality and marketability of the product • the time to launch

12. After You Read 1. Discuss how entrepreneurs develop new products. Once entrepreneurs recognize an opportunity for a product, they study the market to make certain there is sufficient demand. They design the product on paper or on a computer, incorporating the needs and wants of potential customers and including input from the people involved in marketing, producing, and financing the product. They build a prototype to test the product with customers.

13. After You Read 2. Explain the product development process. Product development is not a linear process. Although it appears to move forward in a step-by-step manner, it is really a repetitive process. An entrepreneur may start developing a product and along the way discover something new that changes the direction of development.

14. Section Objectives • Explain what is involved in production management. • Describe the activities that are part of distribution management.

15. The Main Idea Coming up with an idea for a product or service is only a small part of creating a successful business—you have to turn that idea into reality. Production and distribution are two ways entrepreneurs bring new products to market.

16. Content Vocabulary Gantt chart PERT diagram quality control quality circle productivity automation logistics common carrier contract carrier private carrier freight on board (FOB)

17. Production Management Once you have developed a prototype, you are ready to plan production.

18. Production Management Production management involves three functions: • acquiring the resources needed to create a product, • planning how to convert those resources into products, and • making sure the products meet the standards set for them. Section 16.2 Production and Distribution

19. Production Management Scheduling Maintenance Quality Control Areas ofProductionManagement Automation Productivity 19

20. Scheduling Businesses plan their production by making schedules. These schedules describe each activity that must be completed to produce goods or services.

21. Scheduling A Gantt chart is an effective way to depict basic information about a project. Gantt chart a graphic schedule of a project’s phases, activities, and tasks plotted against a timeline

22. Scheduling The longest path through a PERT diagram, the critical path, dictates the length of time needed to complete a project. PERT diagram a project schedule that is arranged in a diagram, used for scheduling complex projects

23. Controlling Quality Quality control takes time and costs money, but it is a way to ensure customer satisfaction. quality control the process of making sure the goods or services a business produces meet certain standards, such as appearance, performance, and consistency

24. Controlling Quality Aquality circle is an effective way of improving quality because it requires employees to be responsible for their work. quality circle a small group of employees who do similar jobs and meet regularly to identify ways to improve the quality of what they do

25. Managing Other Areas of Production Businesses use productivity rates to measure and improve performance. Automation can cut production time, reduce errors, and simplify procedures. productivity a measure of how much a business produces in a given time, or the output of each worker per unit of time automation the use of machines to do the work of people

26. Distribution Management Distribution management includes: • transportation • shipping and receiving • storage and warehousing • materials handling • delivery terms

27. Transportation Logistics involves figuring out how to move a product from the producer to the customer. logistics the planning, execution, and control of the movement and placement of people and/or goods

28. Transportation A common carrier is hired by businesses to transport products. common carrier a firm that provides transportation services at uniform rates to the general public

29. Transportation A railroad is a contract carrier. contract carrier a shipping company that transports freight under contract with one or more shippers

30. Transportation A private carrier is a privately owned and operated delivery vehicle. private carrier a business that operates its own vehicles for the purpose of transporting its own products and materials

31. Delivery Terms The most favorable delivery term for a small business is free on board (FOB). free on board (FOB) a delivery term that designates a shipment as delivered for no additional charge to a buyer

32. After You Read 1. Explain what is involved in production management. Production management has three functions: acquiring the resources needed to create a product, planning how to convert those resources into products, and making sure the products meet set standards.

33. After You Read 2. Describe the activities that are part of distribution management. Distribution management includes transportation, shipping and receiving, storage and warehousing, materials handling, and specification of delivery terms. It controls the movement of a product from the manufacturer to customers.

34. End of Chapter 16 Production Management and Distribution