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An example in Biology

An example in Biology. outline glycolysis to pyruvate with the yield of ATP and reduced NAD +. 1. 10 steps in Glycolysis. Glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate . Process: phosphorylation Enzyme: hexokinase. ATP. hexokinase. phosphorylation. ADP.

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An example in Biology

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  1. An example in Biology

  2. outline glycolysis to pyruvate with the yield of ATP and reduced NAD+

  3. 1 10 steps in Glycolysis • Glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP • to form glucose-6-phosphate. • Process: phosphorylation • Enzyme: hexokinase ATP hexokinase phosphorylation ADP

  4. 2 • Glucose-6-phosphate converted to its isomer, fructose-6-phosphate. • Process: Isomerization isomerization

  5. 3 • Another ATP is invested to molecule, forming fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. • Process: Phosphorylation • Enzyme: Phosphofructo-kinase ATP phosphorylation Phosphofructokinase ADP

  6. 4 • Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is then split into two 3-carbon sugars, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). • Process: Lysis / Cleavage lysis lysis Glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate (G3P) Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP)

  7. 5 • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is converted to its isomer, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate • (G3P) a.k.aphosphoglycerate (PGAL) • Process: Isomerization isomerization Glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate (G3P) Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP)

  8. 6 G3P/ G3P/ • G3P undergoes dehydrogenation with NAD+ as hydrogen acceptor. • Product of this very exergonic reaction • G3P reacts with inorganic phosphate present in cytosol to yield 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG). • Process: Oxidation / Dehydrogenation 2NAD+ oxidation 2NADH + 2H+

  9. 7 BPG/ BPG/ • One of phosphates of BPG reacts with ADP to form ATP resulting in 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). • Process: Substrate-level phosphorylation ADP Substrate-level phosphorylation ATP (3PG) (3PG)

  10. 8 (3PG) (3PG) • 3PG is rearranged to 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) • Process: Isomerization. isomerization (2PG) (2PG)

  11. 9 (2PG) (2PG) • ONE molecule of water is removed, which results in formation of double bond. The product, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). • Process: Dehydration (removal of water) dehydration H20

  12. 10 • Phosphate group of PEP molecules is transferred to ADP to yield ATP and pyruvate. • Process: Substrate-level phosphorylation. ADP Substrate-level phosphorylation ATP

  13. 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Answer the following questions • Energy investing phase • Energy yielding phase • Where reduced NAD+ is produced • Name of enzymes at 1 & 3

  14. Glycolysis in Lesson Study

  15. THREE BIG IDEAS BIG IDEA # 1 BIG IDEA # 3 BIG IDEA # 2

  16. 4 CRITICAL QUESTIONS What do we want our students to learn? (Focus) How will we know they are learning? (Inquiry) How will we respond when they don’t learn? (Innovation) How will we respond when they do learn? (Impact) Source : www.allthingsplc.info

  17. Learning Outcomes • By the end of the lesson, study should be able to: • outline glycolysis to pyruvate with the yield of ATP and reduced NAD+

  18. Learning Objectives At the end of the tutorial lesson, 80% of the students are able to: • state the definition of glycolysis and the location where it occurs in a eukaryotic cell • state the 10 steps of reaction involved glycolyis • identify correctly at least 4 types of chemical reactions during glycolysis • state the reactions where hexokinase and phosphofructokinase are involved in glycolysis • state the steps during glycolysis when energy is invested and steps where energy is yielded

  19. Learning Objectives • indicate the free energy level for each intermediate product during glycolysis • show where ATP is invested & yielded and where NAD+ is reduced during glycolysis • indicate the two phases in glycolysis • justify the total ATP produced during glycolysis • able to score 80% of quiz questions the end of the lesson

  20. Review of Glycolysis Glycolysis: The Reactions Glucose Glucose 7 2 3 6 1 4 5 ATP Hexokinase Glucose6-phosphate ADP Glucose 6-phosphate Fructose6-phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate ATP Phosphofructokinase AD P Fructose1,6-bisphosphate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate NAD+ NAD+ Pi Pi NADH NADH 1,3-Bisphospho-glycerate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) ADP ADP ATP ATP 3-Phospho-glycerate 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) 8 2-Phospho-glycerate 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) 9 H2O H2O Phosphoenol-pyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) ADP ADP 10 10 ATP ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate Pyruvate

  21. BIG IDEA #1: Ensuring that Students Learn

  22. BIG IDEA #2: Building a Culture of Collaboration BIG IDEA #3: A focus on Students’ Outcome

  23. Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate & Glucose6-phosphate Fructose6-phosphate Fructose1,6-bisphosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate 1,3-Bisphospho-glycerate 3-Phospho-glycerate 2-Phospho-glycerate Phosphoenol-pyruvate Glucose Glycolysis: The Reactions Pyruvate Glucose Glucose 6 3 7 2 6 7 2 3 5 1 4 1 4 5 ATP ADP ATP ADP ATP NAD+ NADH H2O Hexokinase 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) Glucose6-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) ADP 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Pyruvate Glucose 6-phosphate Hexokinase Pi 10 Glucose 6-phosphate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 9 8 Glucose Fructose 6-phosphate 10 Fructose6-phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate Pi ADP P AD ATP Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) ATP ATP Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) Pyruvate Phosphofructokinase AD P Fructose1,6-bisphosphate ADP ATP ADP ATP NADH NAD+ Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate H2O Aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate ATP NAD+ NAD+ Pi Pi 2NADH NADH NADH ATP Free energy level 1,3-Bisphospho-glycerate 2ATP 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) 2ATP ADP ADP ATP ATP 2ATP 3-Phospho-glycerate Isomerization Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Oxidation & Phosphorylation Isomerization 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) Substrate-level Phosphorylation Substrate-level Phosphorylation Dehydration Isomerization 8 2-Phospho-glycerate Cleavage 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) 9 H2O H2O Phosphoenol-pyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) ADP ADP 10 10 ATP ATP Pyruvate Progress of Reaction Pyruvate Pyruvate

  24. Documentation and sharing When Students’ learn….

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