Catalyzing Changes: An Analysis of the Role of FSC Forest Certification in Brazil

1. The Forest Stewardship Council: A Developing Country Perspective Catalyzing Changes: An Analysis of the Role of FSC Forest Certification in Brazil

2. FSC: A Developing Country Perspective Introduction • Brazilian Context • History of FSC • FSC Development in Brazil • Direct and Indirect Impacts • Limitations and Challenges • Conclusions

3. Brazilian Context • 190 million habitants • 8.5 million Km2 • > 5 million Km2 covered by forests • Deforestation rate 1,2 million hectare/year • North and South – two distinct realities • Public x private land • Law and bureaucracy disincentive SFM • Biggest producer & biggest consumer

4. History of FSC • Boycott in late 80s were not effective • - Internal markets • - Deforestation • WARP looks for positive alternatives • Consultation process from 1991 to 1993 • Brazil was part of the country studies • Foundation 1993 – Brazil and Canada had the biggest delegations • Unique organization format – balance North/South & Social/Enviro/Economic

5. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE1 Compliance with laws and principles Forest management shall respect all applicable laws of the country in which they occur, and international treaties and agreements to which the country is a signatory, and comply with all FSC Principles and Criteria.

6. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE 2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsabilities Long-term tenure and use rights to the land and forest resources shall be clearly defined, documented and legally established. Terras do João

7. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE3 Indigenous Peoples’ Rights The legal and customary rights of indigenous peoples to own, use and manage their lands, territories and resources shall be recognized and respected.

8. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE 4 Community Relations and Workers’ Rights Forest management operations shall maintain or enhance the long-term social and economic well-being of forest workers and local communities.

9. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE5 Benefits from the Forest Forest management operations shall encourage the efficient use of the forests’ multiple products and services to ensure economic viability and wide range of environmental and social benefits.

10. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE6 Environmental Impact Forest management shall conserve biological diversity and its associated values, water resources, soils, and unique and fragile ecosystems and landscapes, and, by so doing, maintain the ecological functions and the integrity of the forest.

11. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE7 Mangement Plan A management plan – appropriate to the scale and intensity of the operations – shall be written, implemented and kept up to date. The long-term objectives of management and the means of achieving them, shall be clearly stated.

12. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE8 Monitoring and Assessment Monitoring shall be conducted appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest management – to assess the condition of the forest, yields of forest products, chain of custody, management activities, and their social and environmental impacts.

13. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE9 Maintenance High Conservation Value Forests Management activities in high conservation value forests shall maintain or enhance the attributes which define such forests. Decisions regarding high conservation value forests shall always be considered in the context of a precautionary approach.

14. Principles and Criteria PRINCIPLE10 Plantations Plantations shall be planned and managed in accordance with Principles and Criteria 1–9, and Principle 10 and its Criteria. While plantations can provide an array of social and economic benefits, and can contribute to satisfying the world’s needs for forest products, they should complement the management of, reduce pressures on, and promote the restoration and conservation of natural forests.

15. Chain of Custody CoC

16. Cadeia de Custódia Forest Certification garantees the quality of forest management. Chain of Custody (COC) garantees that a product’s raw material is certified. Florestacertificada Produto certificado Indústria certificada

17. Chain of Custody Certified Forest Non-certified Forest Certified Product Non-certified Product Autor: Tasso Azevedo / tasso@imaflora.org / Jan99

18. FSC Development in Brazil • 1995–96 First standards discussions & first certifications • 1997 – created the FSC-WG-Brazil • - 18 members (3 chambers) • 1998–2000 – Development of standards for plantations and natural forest management in Amazon • - 3 workshops, 4 consultations, field tests, Harmonization • 2001 – Foundation of the Brazilian Council of Forest Management – FSC Brazil • CERFLOR: the Brazilian SFI and/or PEFC

19. FSC Development in Brazil • 875,000 hectares of forests certified • 15 forests certified • > 1 million in process • 10% of plantations • 20% of natural forest management • 71 Chain of Custody Certificates Forest Management Chain of Custody

20. Brazilian Market: Hitting the Target • Brazil is our market • There is no certification without support in the internal market • 68% of Brazilians believe major environmental problems is forest destruction • market  certification  market... who comes first? • Buyers Group • NTFP is bringing cosmetic industry to the game • 2002 – Main construction companies

21. Why companies are demanding FSC certification? • Maintain access to markets • Get better prices and conditions • Increase willingness of testing new products • Share common identity • Access to green funds • Leverage corporate image • Build direct and long-term business relations • Sympathy from government agencies

22. Direct Impacts of Certification • Quality of working conditions • - Camping • - Safety • - Long-term contracts • - Outsourcing

23. Direct Impacts of Certification • Impacts for Forest Operations • - Management plan • - Reduced impact logging • - Conservation areas • - Forest conversion

24. Direct Impacts of Certification • Relation with the community • - Respect to indigenous community • - Compensation for losses • - Land tenure recognition

25. Indirect Impacts of Certification Forest management is possible • More objective claims • Creating an applicable research agenda • Responsible investment / funds • Simplification of legislation • Increase acceptable standard • New role for forest departments on industry • New training programs on forestry • Pressure over illegal wood

26. Limitations and Challenges • Compliance with standards • - understand the standards • - viability of the standards • - lack of information about forest management • Access to information & certifiers • Direct and indirect costs – who pays? • Market recognition