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When Worlds Collide

When Worlds Collide. An Introduction to the Explorers and Pilgrims by Jodi Smith Plainfield North High School 2006. Context for the Collision: The Middle Ages. Faith-dominated society Protestant Reformation (1517): not until 25 years after Columbus (1492)

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When Worlds Collide

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  1. When Worlds Collide An Introduction to the Explorers and Pilgrims by Jodi Smith Plainfield North High School 2006

  2. Context for the Collision: The Middle Ages • Faith-dominated society • Protestant Reformation (1517): not until 25 years after Columbus (1492) • Europe essentially united by Christendom • Militaristic mindset • Crusades/Wars with Ottoman Empire • Religious as well as cultural (E vs. W) • Knighthood/war=prestige, living…eternal life?

  3. Christopher Columbus • First appeal to Portugal • World power for exploration (Henry the Navigator) • Spice Trade motivation (around Africa) • Spain’s approval: Ferdinand & Isabella • Political “new kid”—acceptance of “crazy” idea • Mission Accomplished: 1492: Bahamas • Claims land for Spain; native/sword accident

  4. Spain vs. Portugal: The Battle for the New World • Pope Alexander VI splits “rights” to the New World between Portugal and Spain… • CONDITION: conversion • Religious motives as well as political (land, wealth, additional resources against Ottoman Empire) explain desire for conversion and gold • Trivia: Precious metals imported from the New World come back to haunt Spain—devaluing of money.

  5. Hernando Cortez: Curse of Aztec Gold? • Strong-willed: burned ships to ensure success • Encountered Aztec culture in 1519 • Warlike tribes attack Spaniards • Aztecs advanced but also infamous (human sacrifice) • Emperor Montezuma—Cortez=Quetzlcoatl reincarnated? Accepts Cortez BUT • Aztecs attack Vera Cruz (colony); Cortez declares war • Aztec destruction: famine, war, disease

  6. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca • Claim to fame: family legacy against Moors (hence title—victory trail—cow skulls) • Expedition to FL 1526 shipwrecked! • 8 years of wandering in the New World “La Relacion”—report to Charles V of Spain

  7. Pilgrims: Separatists NOT Puritans • Separatists: leave the Church of England; Puritans wanted to reform it (later arrival). • John Calvin/Geneva Bible (subversive lit) • Religious art is sinful • Marriage: civil, not sacramental • Good for avoiding sin • Good for reproduction • Predestination • Religious holidays—no Easter or Christmas • Education • Young children by mother; older children AND mother by father (no abuse on Mayflower) • Reading—important! (theological significance)

  8. William Bradford • Orphaned in England; joins Separatists by 17 • Separatists hunted/imprisoned under James I (yes, James of KJV) • Separatists flee to Holland • Face poverty • Holland—war w/Spain and alliance with England—pressure on Pilgrims; plan to come to New World! • Trip to the New World • Separatists joined by others • Bradford: Administrator (elected) • Land in New England; Mayflower Compact (first democratic document)preserve unity/cooperation to survive

  9. Relocation to Plymouth • New England settlement attacked by natives; sail to Plymouth Harbor • Available land—formerly of Patuxet Tribe • Wiped out previouslyillness • Sole survivor: SQUANTO (becomes interpreter)

  10. Gov. William Bradford, Author • Elected governor in 1620/21; served almost continuously until 1657 (death). • Of Plymouth Plantation • Bradford’s journal of Mayflower voyage/settlement • Most complete record of the first 30 years following the Pilgrim Settlement • Example of a PRIMARY DOCUMENT

  11. For Further Info… • www.us-history.com • http://www.floridahistory.com/cab-back.html • http://www.pilgrimhall.org/bradjour.htm

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