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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Differences and Processes in Energy Conversion

Cellular respiration is the process through which organisms convert food molecules into energy, specifically adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It involves gas exchange between an organism and its environment. The two main types of respiration are aerobic (which requires oxygen) and anaerobic (which does not). Aerobic respiration is more efficient, yielding 36 ATPs, while anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATPs. Glycolysis, the first step of cellular respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into usable energy. Understanding these processes is key to grasping how life sustains itself.

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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Differences and Processes in Energy Conversion

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  1. “Cellular RESPIRATION”

  2. What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

  3. Respiration • The transfer of stored energy in food molecules to a form usable by the organism AND • involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment

  4. Process • Through the process of respiration, the organism produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is a used form of energy

  5. Process (ADP + P) (ATP) Click on this link and be patient as it loads: From food to Fuel

  6. 1. Cellular Respiration • Involves a series of enzyme-controlled reactions in which _____ in _____ is broken down into energy that the organism can use _____.

  7. Remember: Hydrolysis of ATP When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed ____ + ____  ____ + ____ + ____ • This is the energy used by the body to carry out the functions of life • ADP = adenosine diphosphate

  8. Do Now: • What words would you cluster together if you heard the words AEROBIC RESPIRATION? • And explain why? • ____ • ____ • ____ • ____

  9. Glycolysis (splitting glucose) 2PGAL (C3H5O3) ________ (C6H12O6) +2 ATP 2 pyruvic acid ________ Net Gain:??? ________

  10. Glycolysis (____ of ____ glucose) • Net Energy Yield from Glycolysis +___ ATP • Energy requiring steps: • 2 ATP invested • Energy releasing steps: • 2 NADH formed • 4 ATP formed • Net yield is 2 ATP and 2 NADH

  11. Glycolysis (splitting glucose) All three reactions with Glycolysis • Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm • Reactions are catalyzed by enzymes Glucose 2 Pyruvate (six carbons) (three carbons)

  12. Types of Respiration • __________________ -involves the use of oxygen 2. __________________ -oxygen is not used

  13. Respiration Respiration • Respiration- is an organisms’ ability to create energy. (ATP) _______________ Respiration _______________ Respiration _________ Fermentation _________ Fermentation

  14. Anaerobic Respiration • Also known as _________ • Does not require _________ • Takes place in the _________ of cell • Glucose is either broken down into _________ or _____ and _____ • As a result of anaerobic respiration, there is a net gain of _____ ATP’s

  15. The TWO Equations for Anaerobic Respiration lactic acid Fermentation ______ 2 ____ ____ + __ ____ ______  2 _______ + 2 ___ + __ ATP’s • In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced Alcohol fermentation

  16. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 ATP 2 pyruvic acid Lactic Acid _______ 4 ATP “Lactic Acid Fermentation

  17. Lactic Acid Fermentation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. .

  18. Alcoholic Fermentation 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic acid ________ Alcohol + CO2 4 ATP “Alcoholic Fermentation”

  19. Alcoholic Fermentation 1. 2. 3. 4.

  20. Alcoholic FermentationIdentify what would “X” be?

  21. Label the picture below:Cellular Respiration: Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 4. _______ _______ _____ 3._________ 2.__________ 1._________

  22. Aerobic Respiration • Requires _________ • Takes place in the __________ • When we say that glucose is_______, we say that it is _______ down with the help of oxygen molecules

  23. Aerobic Respiration • 3 Steps/Stages

  24. Do Now:What does this box represent? _________What reaction is taking place? _________ • Does this happen in plants, animals or both?

  25. Equation for Aerobic Respiration _______ + ____  H2O + ____ + ____ ATP’s • Again, enzymes are used and a net of _____ ATP’s are produced

  26. Aerobic Respiration 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic acid ___ Water + ____ + ________ +4 ATP +34 ATP ***Net Gain = ___ATPs***

  27. Aerobic Respiration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 What else can you tell me about it?

  28. Who am I?

  29. Do Now: What is the relationship between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

  30. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

  31. Video 1 Video 1 • Click the image to play the video segment. Aerobic Respiration

  32. Video 2 Video 2 • Click the image to play the video segment. Glycolysis

  33. Video 3 Video 3 • Click the image to play the video segment. Krebs Cycle, Part 1

  34. Summary • Anaerobic Respiration = 2 ATP’s • Aerobic Respiration = 36 ATP’s • Therefore, Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

  35. Aerobic Respiration and Photosynthesis http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/fhp/lakes/under/oxygen.htm

  36. Are the lights that hang over this lab setup on or off? Carbon Dioxide Output vs. Time

  37. Adaptations for Respiration

  38. Monera, Protista, and Fungi • Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through a thin, moist cell membrane

  39. Plants • Leaves- have stomates for gas exchange • Stems- have lenticels for gas exchange • Roots- gas exchange occurs across a moist membrane of root hairs (diffusion)

  40. Hydra • Each cell of the hydra is in contact with the watery environment and gas exchange occurs by diffusion

  41. Earthworm • Double Diffusion • Skin • Circulatory System • Requires moist skin • The earthworm absorbs oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide through a thin skin. • This skin is protected by a thin cuticle secreted by the epidermis and kept moist by a slimy mucus also produced by epidermal cells.

  42. Grasshopper • Uses Tracheal Tubes • Air Sacs • Spiracles

  43. TO RESPIRE:inhaling and exhaling… • Inhalation = O2 (oxygen) enters the body system • Exhalation =CO2 (carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body

  44. Your Respiratory System Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles alveoli pleura diaphragm

  45. Synthesis You’re doing A fine job dear….

  46. Your Metabolism has two major phases. • Catabolism-the breaking down of complex substances. • The destructive phase of your metabolism AKA: • Anabolism- the building of new substances. AKA- Synthesis (Digestion or Hydrolysis)

  47. Synthesis • A process by which simple substances are combined “chemically” to form more complex substances. • These materials are used for growth and repair of the organism.

  48. The Borg Ingestion Digestion Transport Synthesis Growth

  49. Cells synthesize (or makes) • their own proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. • use enzymes and energy to synthesize proteins, as do you…. • Cells must constantly make new materials forgrowthand repair.

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