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第六章 海上运输货物保险承保

第六章 海上运输货物保险承保. 学习目标 通过对本章的学习,应达到以下目标: 了解投保险种的选择; 熟悉国际贸易价格术语条件; 掌握进出口贸易合同保险条款英文; 学会保险单英文条款的撰写; 掌握保险单的批改与批单。. 第一节 海上运输货物保险投保. 一、海上运输货物的含义 中间环节 陆运 / 海运 / 装卸 / 存仓

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第六章 海上运输货物保险承保

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  1. 第六章 海上运输货物保险承保 学习目标 通过对本章的学习,应达到以下目标: 了解投保险种的选择; 熟悉国际贸易价格术语条件; 掌握进出口贸易合同保险条款英文; 学会保险单英文条款的撰写; 掌握保险单的批改与批单。

  2. 第一节 海上运输货物保险投保 一、海上运输货物的含义 中间环节 陆运/海运/装卸/存仓 货物一词是指具备商品性质的货品,不包括个人行李或船上使用的库存品及供应物资。另外,甲板上所载的货物及活牲畜必须另行承保,不得列在一般货物名称之下。 运输 买方 卖方 货物

  3. 二、货物的特点: 1. 具有商品性质的货物 2. 用来装货物的集装箱、托盘以及货物的外包装 3. 对外经济援助物资、供展览用的展览品及其设 备、货币、艺术品等非贸易商品。 4. 船员的私人财物和旅客随身所带的行李不属于货物的范畴。

  4. 二、海上运输货物的包装与标志 1. 包装 散装(in bulk): 如: 矿沙、煤炭、粮油、石油等 裸装(rude packed): 如卡车、机车、钢材、木材等 包装(packed)外包装: 为了运输 内包装: 为了美化、宣传 货物的包装尤其是运输包装,是海上运输货物保险中的一个重要条件。保险人要求被保险人按规定对货物进行包装。

  5. 2. 标志(shipping mark): 是国际化组织(ISO)规定的标志,由4行组成,每行不得超过17个英文字码。也称之为“唛头” SMCO 收货人 比如: NEW YORK 目的港 95/c No. 34568 合同号 No. 100 –10 or 10/100 批件号 附1:常用的单位: cases: cartons, wooden cases bags: paper bags, plastic bags, gunny bags drum: iron drums; wooden casks bales:

  6. 常用的标志符号

  7. 附2:外包装毛重、净重、长度表示 GROSS WEIGHT: 56KGS NET WEIGHT: 52KGS MEASUREMENT: 42 x 28 x 17cm

  8. 三、投保人对保险产品的选择(Selection of Insurance Products) (一)粮油食品类 1. Grains 2. Foodstuff 3. Rice 4. Grease 5. Livestock & poultry including living chicken, living fish

  9. (二)土产畜产类(Local & Livestock Products) 1. Hemp 2. Fishmeal 3. Floss, woolen products 4. Pelt, leather 5. Chitterlings, Intestines, skins of animal, chitterling

  10. (三)轻工品类 (Products of Light Industry) 1. Glass goods, glass goods1 2. Pottery, porcelain 3. Family appliances, home products 4. Groceries, recreation and sports, dishware, dishware1

  11. (四)工艺品类(Arts & Crafts) 1. Ornaments, jewelry 2. Enamels (又称“搪瓷”。用石英、长石、硝石和碳酸钠等加上铅和锡的氧化物烧制成,涂在铜质或银质器物上,经过烧制,能形成不同颜色的釉质表面。) 3. Carving products 4. Lacquer ware 5. Chinaware

  12. (五)五金类(Hardware) 1. Metal board, metal pipes… 2. Cast irons 3. Small hardware (六)矿产类(Mineral Products) 1. Ore, mine, minerals, minerals1, cement, cement1 2. Construction materials, building materials (七)化工类(Chemical Products) 1. Liquid materials 2. powder particles

  13. (八)机械类(Machinery) 1. lathes 2. General & electrical enginery , Machinery 3. Motor vehicles (九)纺织纤维类(Textile & Fabric Products) 1. Fabric piece goods, Fabric piece goods1 2. Drawnwork goods, Drawnwork goods1 3. Clothing, Clothing1

  14. 二、投保人选择保险产品的依据 1. FOB 价格条件 Free on Board (装运港船上交货), 即货物装上运载工具为价格条件, 卖方负责将货物装到买方指定的运输工具, 承担将货物装上运输工具前的费用和风险。 FOB 价格条件附加条件: --FOB under Tackle --FOB Stowed --FOB Trimmed 当货物越过船舷或装上船只, 风险由卖方转移给买方, 买方负责租船订舱, 支付运费等, 并将船期、船名及时通知卖方。因此, 货物运输保险由买方办理。

  15. 二、投保人选择保险产品的依据(Basis of Selecting Insurance Products) 2. CFR 价格条件 Cost and Freight(成本加运费), 即卖方负责将货物运送到买方指定的起运口岸, 货物价格中包含运费在内, 不包含保险费。货物在运输途中的保险由买方办理。这种价格条件是由卖方负责运输, 包括托运、租船、订舱等。 CFR 价格条件本身还有许多附加条件:CFR Liner Terms; CFR Landed; CFR Ex Tackle; CFR Ex Ships Hold

  16. 二、投保人选择保险产品的依据 3 . CIF价格条件 Cost, Insurance and Freight(到岸价格),即卖方将货物装上船, 支付运费和保险费。保险由卖方办理。 这一规定来自于2000 年《国际贸易术语解释通则》(Incoterms2000) 中的 CIF 价格条件: --卖方负担费用取得货物保险, 使买方和任何其他对货物拥有保险利益的人有权直接向保险人索赔, 并向买方提供保险单或其他保险凭证; --信誉好的保险公司订立保险合同。 --买方有要求时, 卖方应提供由买方负担费用投保的战争、罢工、暴乱和民变险。 --最低保险金额是CIF加成 10%, 并应采用合同中规定的币制。此外,CIF附加条件:

  17. 该11种贸易术语如下: 1.Ex Works(ex factory,ex mill,etc),工厂交货 2.FOR(free on rail); FOT(free on truck) 铁路交货/火车上交货 3.Free…(named Port of shipment),装运港交货; 4.FAS(free alongside ship)(named Port of shipment),装运港船边交货; 5.FOB(Free on board) ..named Port of shipment), 装运港船上交货

  18. 6.C&F (cost and freight)..(named Port of destination)成本加运费 7.CIF(cost,insurance,freight)(named Port of destination),成本、保险费加运费 8.Freight or Carriage paid to…(named Port of destination),即运费付至(指定的目的港); 9.Free or Free Delivered…(named Port of destination)目的地交货; 10.EX Ship…(named Port),即到货港船上交货; 11.Ex Quay…(named Port),即到货港码头交货。

  19. 三、选择投保险别的因素 (一)货物的种类与价值: (二)包装情况: (三)运输方式 (四)战争及罢工的危险 (五)附加危险

  20. (六)信用证的要求 《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定,单证一致。 1. 保单必须由保险公司或其代理人开立 2. 出单日期早于货物装船发运日期 3. CIF价格加10%;货应与信用证使用的货币一致 4. 投保险别准确表达 5. 货物需转船,保单加注“转船”transshipment字样。 6. 货物目的地作为赔付地点。 7. 除信用证明确注明保险不计免赔率外,银行将接受注明有免赔率的保险单。 8. 保单送交银行时,为可流通形式,即由保险公司签章并由被保险人背书。

  21. 四、贸易合同中的保险条文 (一)签订售货合同应注意事项 在签订贸易合同时, 必须明确双方成交的价格条件。 1. 当价格条件确定为 CIF 价格时, 由卖方办理保险 2. 明确保险的险种和保险金额及其加成率。 3. 按照货物加 CFR 价格条件或者按 FOB 价格条件成交的, 由买方自己办理保险。

  22. (二)国际贸易合同中的保险条款英文表达 (1. 卖方按发票金额加成 10%投保平安险”, “Insurance to be effected by the Sellers for 10% of invoice value against F.P.A.” (2. “卖方按发票金额加成 10%投保水渍险” “Insurance to be effected by the Sellers for 10% of invoice value against W.A.” (3. “卖方按发票金额加成 10%投保一切险” “Insurance to be effected by the Sellers for 10% of invoice value against All Risks”

  23. (4. “卖方按发票金额加成 10%投保平安险或(水渍险)加保进口关税险” “Insurance to be effected by the Sellers for 10% of invoice value against F.P.A or (W.A) including Risk of Import Duty.” (5. 贸易合同中约定投保平安险或(水渍险), 加保罢工险。 “卖方按发票金额加成 10%投保平安险或(水渍险)加罢工险” “Insurance to be effected by the Sellers for 10% of invoice value against F.P.A or (W.A) and Strike Risks.” (6. 贸易合同中约定投保附加险。 “卖方按发票金额加成 10%投保平安险或(水渍险)加保特别附加险” “Insurance to be effected by the Sellers for 10% of invoice value against F.P.A or (W.A) including Special Additional Risk.”

  24. 3. 保险期限 Insurance to be effected by the sellers for 10% of invoice value against FPA including 60 days at port of destination. 4. 期限延长至内陆 Insurance to be effected by the sellers for 10% of invoice value against WA up to Changsha, Hunan, China. 5. 买方委托卖方办理 Insurance to be effected by the sellers on behalf of buyers for 10% of invoice value against All Risks, premium to be paid by buyers.

  25. 五、投保手续(Procedures) 贸易商需要对一笔货物进行保险时,首先要跟保险公司联系,通常是填制一张投保单, 经保险公司接受后, 就开始生效。 有时时间比较急,投保人以口头或电话向保险公司申请,如获允诺,保险也生效,然后补送投保单。保险公司出具保险单,以投保人的填报内容为准。填报内容时,对以下项目要写明确:

  26. 被保险人名称。如广东外贸进出口有限公司:英文:?被保险人名称。如广东外贸进出口有限公司:英文:? 标记mark, 又称 “唛头” 。应该和提单上载的标记符号相一致。 3. 包装数量。投保人要将包装的性质, 如箱、包、件、捆以及数量都写清楚。如:cases: cartons, wooden cases。bags: paper bags, plastic bags, gunny bags. drum: iron drums; wooden casks. bales: 4. 货物名称。如: work gloves, Hualing Air Conditioner KF-23GW/E0101 5. 保险金额。按照发票价的CIF价加成, 加成比例一般是 10%。 如果发票价为 FOB 价格或者 CFR 价格, 投保人应将运费、保费相应加上去, 再另行加成。 保险金额:556326欧元。英文?保险费:12348欧元。英文?

  27. 6. 船名或装运工具。比如:Seagull,需转运的要写明“transshipment” 7. 开航日期(Slg.on or abt) 有确切日期。如:November 18th 2006 , 保单日期要早于开航日期 8. 发票或提单号码。写上发票或提单的号码以备保险公司核对。如:20112930, B/L: MMSCQLQLC00090 9. 航程或路程。如:from Guangzhou to Singapore, or from Guangzhou via Singapore to New York. 10. 承保险种, 需要投保哪种险种。如:covering all risks of PICC。 11. 赔款地点。一般在保险目的地支付赔款, 如:claims at Hamburg。 12. 投保日期。在船舶开航或运输工具开行之前。投保单日期要早于开航日期

  28. 六、投保注意事项(Notes) 1.货物的名称、装载的工具以及包装的性质。 2.投保险种、币制必须和信用证上所列要求一致。 投保险种和条件要和售货合同上的保险条件相符合。 尽可能投保到内陆目的地。 5.特殊情况,主要是特殊附加险的约定。 6.投保后发现投保项目有错漏, 及时申请批改。

  29. 第二节 海上运输货物保险的核保 一、投保风险因素的审核: (1)保险标的 (2)被保险人的信誉与道德危险调查 (3)运输工具 船舶的船级、船龄、船籍、吨位、配备。载货船舶挂方便旗时,更要审核船东的信誉。 (4)航程及航行区域 (5)保险条件:要仔细审查货物与保险条件是否适当。 (6)气候条件 (7)以往的损失记录(3-5年)

  30. 二、海上运输费率的审核 是否费率合适得当 三、保险业务的选择 事后选择主要控制保险金额、限定保险金额 四、危险分散与控制 (一)承保风险的累积 对海上运输货物保险使用一种“航程卡”来记载所承保货物的一切详情,以备查看。 (二)保险责任的分配 公司再保险部提供“限额表”,决定该危险所应援用的限额。

  31. 五、海上运输货物保险合同的签订 (一) 具立保险单 1.保险单的文字 2.保险单条件 3.保险单一式四份(see photo 1, 2, 3, 4) 4. 保险单顺序 5. 保险单英文措词 6. 主险顺序 7. 保险单复核 8. 签字盖章

  32. (二)保险单条款的英文表达 1. “承保中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物平安险和战争险 ” Covering F.P.A. and War Risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses and Ocean Marine Cargo War Risk Clauses of the People's Insurance Company of China dated 1/1/1980. 2. “承保中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物水渍险和战争险 ” Covering W.A and War Risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses and Ocean Marine Cargo War Risk Clauses of the People's Insurance Company of China dated 1/1/1980. 3. “承保中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物一切险和罢工险 ” Covering All Risks and War Risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses and Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of Strike Risk of the People's Insurance Company of China dated 1/1/1980.

  33. 4. “承保PICC海洋运输货物冷藏水渍险和战争险 ” Covering W.A, including damage arising from the breakdown of refrigerating machinery as per Clauses for Frozen Products (W.A) dated 1/1/1980 attached and War Risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo War Risk Clauses of the People's Insurance Company of China dated 1/1/1980. 5. “承保PICC海洋运输货物散装桐油水渍险和罢工险 ” Covering loss or damage arising from shortage, leakage, contamination as per Clauses for Wood oil in bulk dated 1/1/1980 attached and Strikes Risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People's Insurance Company of China dated 1/1/1980.

  34. 6. “承保伦敦协会条款(C)险 ” 的英文表达: COVERING I.C.C.(C) AS PER INSTTUTE CARGO CLAUSES(C) DATED 1/1 /1982 7. “承保伦敦协会条款(B)险 ” 的英文表达: COVERING I.C.C.(B) AS PER INSTTUTE CARGO CLAUSES(B) DATED 1/1 /1982 8. “承保伦敦协会条款(A)险 ” 的英文表达: COVERING I.C.C.(A) AS PER INSTTUTE CARGO CLAUSES(A) DATED 1/1 /1982

  35. 9. “承保伦敦协会条款(C)险和战争险 ” 的英文表达: COVERING I.C.C.(C) AS PER INSTTUTE CARGO CLAUSES(C) INCLUDING THE RISK OF WAR AS PER INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES DATED 1/1 /1982 10. “承保伦敦协会条款(B)险和罢工险 ” 的英文表达: COVERING I.C.C.(B) AS PER INSTTUTE CARGO CLAUSES(B) INCLUDING RISKS OF S.R.C.C AS PER INSTITUTE S.R.C.CLAUSES DATED 1/1 /1982 (三)海洋货物运输保险单(正面)(反面)

  36. (四)批改及批单(Endorsement) 批单是批改保险单内容的凭证。 1. 保险公司规定同意的批改申请 2. 批改申请提出时,标的未发生损失 3. 批单粘贴在原保险单上,加盖骑缝章。 4. 批单上注明原保险单上的信息列出 5. 保险公司、保险代理人都可以签发。

  37. (五)批单的英文表达 1. 更改被保险人名称: “广州外贸公司 ” 更改为 “广州外贸进出口公司 ” It is hereby noted that the name of Insured under policy should be Guangzhou Foreign Trade Import & Export Company instead of Guangzhou Foreign Trade Company as originally stated. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 2. 更改包装种类: “货物捆包 ” 更改为 “货物箱装 ” It is hereby noted that the goods covered under this policy are packed in cases and not in bales as originally stated. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

  38. 3. 更改商品名称: “羊毛运动衫 ” 更改为 “棉运动衫 ” It is hereby noted that the description of goods under this policy should be “cotton sweaters ” instead of “wool sweater” as originally stated. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 4. 更改保险金额: “保险金额 60 万美元 ” 更改为 “保险金额 50 万美元, 并按约定退一部分保险费给被保险人 ” It is hereby noted that the amount insured under this policy is reduced by one hundred thousand United States dollars, leaving the amount in force five hundred thousand United States dollars . In consideration of the above reduction of sum insured, a return premium as arranged is refunded to the insured. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

  39. 5. 更改船舶名称: “白云号 ” 更改为 “海鸥号 ” It is hereby noted that the name of ship carrying the goods insured under this policy should be s/s “Seagull” instead of s/s “White Clouds ” as originally stated. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 6. 更改开航日期: “2010 年 6 月 6 日开航 ” 更改为 “2010 年 6 月 16 日开航 ” It is hereby noted that the sailing date of the carrying vessel “Blue Sky” under this policy is on or about June 16th, 2010 stead of June 6th, 2010 as originally stated. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

  40. 7. 更改目的地: “最后目的港利物浦 ” 更改为 “伦敦 ” It is hereby noted and declared that the final destination under this policy should be London stead of Liverpool as originally stated. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 8. 更改保险条件: “增加海洋运输货物特殊附加险, 按约定由被保险人交纳附加保费 ” It is hereby noted that the insurance is extended to cover Specific Additional Risks of Ocean Marine Cargo Insurance. In consideration of the increase of above risks, an additional premium as arranged is payable by the insured. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

  41. 9. 延长保险期: “保险期限延长 10 天, 并按约定由被保险交纳附加保险费 ” It is hereby noted that this insurance is now extended to cover a further period of 10 days, i.e. this insurance is to be valid for 10 days after discharge of the goods from the oversea vessel at port of destination. In consideration of above situation, an additional premium as arranged is payable by the insured. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

  42. 10. 更改理赔代理人: “中华联合保险公司 ” 更改为 “中国太平洋保险公司 ” It is hereby noted that the name of Claims Handling Agent under this policy is “China Pacific Insurance Company, Limited” stead of “China United Property Insurance Company, Limited” as originally stated. Other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

  43. 本章复习题 一、名词解释 1. CIF价格 2. FOB价格 3. CFR价格 4. 方便旗 二、简答题 1. 简述海上货物运险投保时考虑的因素 2. 例举货物运输九大类商品的种类。 三、判断题 四、选择题

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