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Normalomr åder, krydskalibrering og fejlkilder

Normalomr åder, krydskalibrering og fejlkilder. Pernille hermann Dept. of Endocrinology Odense University Hospital. Typiske osteoporotiske brud. Osteoporose er aldersrelateret. KVINDER Landspatientregisteret 1999. Hofte. Ryg (RTG-incidens). Colles. Ryg (indlæggelse).

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Normalomr åder, krydskalibrering og fejlkilder

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  1. Normalområder, krydskalibrering og fejlkilder Pernille hermann Dept. of Endocrinology Odense University Hospital

  2. Typiske osteoporotiske brud

  3. Osteoporose er aldersrelateret KVINDER Landspatientregisteret 1999 Hofte Ryg (RTG-incidens) Colles Ryg (indlæggelse) DSAM 2002 + Lancet 2002;1761

  4. Definition af osteoporose • …sygdom, hvor knoglemassen er nedsat og den mikroskopiske knoglestruktur er forringet i en sådan grad, at knoglernes brudstyrke er nedsat, og patienten derfor har øget risiko for knoglebrud…. Am J Med 1991;90;107 Normal knogle Osteoporose

  5. Årsager til knoglebrud Ydre Vejret, indretning, hjælpemidler.. Faldtraume Indre Medicinering, syn, muskelstyrke.. Knoglebrud Peak bone mass Arv, kost …. Knoglestyrke (osteoporose) Knogletab Køn, alder, medicin ….

  6. Determinanter for knoglestyrke materialemængde (knoglemasse) Styrke Rumlig fordeling (struktur) Materiale egenskaber (knogle kvalitet)

  7. Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk Population Based study of Vertebral Fractures in 1098 Women Ross et al: Ann Int Med 1991;114:919

  8. BMD is an important but imperfect determinant of bone strength Post-mortem study loading simulating fall Prospective study on hip fracture risk (Malmø) Bouxsein et al. Calcif Tissue 1995; 56:99-103 Kanis et al. Osteoporos Int (2001) 12:989–995

  9. Bone mineral density livet igennem 1) Peak Bone Mass 2) Post-menopausalt Knogletab 3) Alders-relateret Knogletab

  10. Hvilende Formation Aktivering Resorption Knogle remodellering

  11. Formation Aktivering Resorption Irreversibelt knogletab (1) Negativ balance pr. remodelleringscyklus Hvilende

  12. Irreversibelt knogletab (3) Trabekulære perforationer Lis Mosekilde

  13. Årsager til knogletab

  14. Reversibelt knogletab Remodelleringsrummet

  15. Smoking decreases BMD even in young men Odense Androgen Study; Population-based study on 778 men aged 20-30 years 31% were smokers BMD 2.4% lower even when adjusted for height and body weight Effect of smoking may be mediated by lower serum IGF-I and/or vitamin-D Non-smokers Smokers Frost Nielsen et al. in preparation

  16. Smoking increases the risk of hip fracture risk Pooling of data from 3 Danish cohort-studies N=13,393 women and 17,379 men; Follow-up 5-32 years 19% of hip fractures attributable to smoking Risk of fracture risk normalized in ex-smokers after 5 years Relative Risk P<0.01 for both sexes Hoidrup et al. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29:253

  17. Cushing’s syndromsekundært tildermatomyositis og prednisonbehandling

  18. Fracture risk and dose of corticosteroids van Staa TP, et al, 1998

  19. Osteoporose 80% Primær • Postmenopausal • Senil 20% Sekundær • Genetiske faktorer • Endokrine sygdomme • Medicin • Immobilisation Glucocorticoider Cyklosporin Kemoterapi

  20. Diagnosen Osteoporose • Nedsat BMD • T-score < -2,5 (NB gælder ikke for børn og unge) Eller • Sammenfald i columna uden relevant traume

  21. BehandlingsindikationDanmark • Postmenopauselle kvinder • T-score < -2,5 • Mænd • T-score<-3,0 Og mindst en klinisk risikofaktor • Sammenfald i columna uden relevant traume • Hoftebrud uden relevant traume

  22. Fortolkning af DXA

  23. T< -2.5 altså osteoporose Z-score ”Normal” for alder T-score Total

  24. T-score T=0 T= -1 osteopenia T= -2.5 osteoporosis

  25. DXA-baseret diagnose • Afhænger af Referencematerialets • Middelværdi • Spredning (SD) • Fejlkilder • Tekniske • Biologiske • Knoglerelateret • Ikke knoglerelateret

  26. Influence of extern controlHb-measurement in general practice before control is introducedin 1981 Number of clinics mmol/l

  27. Influence of extern controlHb-measurement in general practice after control is introduced in1984 Number of clinics mmol/l

  28. Accuracy - Præcision Accuracy without precision Præcision without accuracy Accuracy + præcision

  29. Summeopgave • Hvordan bestemmes • Precision ? • Akuratesse ?

  30. European Spine Phantom 04-221 • International standardised • phantom • 3 vertebrae hydroxyapatit • Known values 0,5 g/cm2 1,0 g/cm2 1,5 g/cm2

  31. Results Measured BMD versus known BMD BMD g/cm2 Scanner number

  32. Definition of reference values

  33. Mean Definition of reference values

  34. Definition of reference values + / - 1 SD= 66% of the population

  35. High cut-off value Low cut-off value Definition of reference values + / - 2 SD= 95% of the population = ”Normal”

  36. BMD in a population 5% of population 95% of population 5% of population

  37. Osteoporosis defined by T-score T=0 T= -1 osteopenia T= -2.5 osteoporosis

  38. BMD for total lumbar spineComparison with Hologic database OAS: 1,073 (0,125) Hologic: 1,084* (0,11**)

  39. Prævalens af osteoporose i patient-kohorten defineret på baggrund af ”maksimale” og ”minimale” normalområde Skanner

  40. Prævalens af osteoporose i patient-kohorten defineret på baggrund af lokal DXA-skanner og lokalt normalområde Patienter med osteoporose (n) ”Reference”

  41. Reproduceability of DEXA Precision Accuracy Least detect- Error Error able difference Lumbar spine 1% 5-8% 2.8% Femur 2% 5-8% 5.6% Least detectable difference=2*√(2 * CV)

  42. Biologiske fejlkilder Osteomalacia treated with vitamin-D

  43. Foreign bodies e.g. navel rings

  44. Effect of osteoarthrosis Score n BMD 0 47 1.01 1 61 1.04 2 21 1.08 Reid et al. JCEM 1991:72:1372-74

  45. BMD in bone marrow transplantation Nysom et al. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2000; 25: 191-196

  46. BMD is underestimated in GHD by DEXA using area-based BMD Real density 1 g/cm3 Apparently 2 g/cm2 and 1 g/cm2

  47. Areal BMDsize matters True density = 1 g/cm2

  48. Quesence Formation Activation Resorption Bone remodelling

  49. Remodelling Space

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