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The Progressive Presidents

From 1901 to 1921, the United States experienced transformative leadership through Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Roosevelt, the energetic Republican, championed the “Square Deal,” focusing on trust regulation, labor rights, and conservation. Taft, more conservative, struggled with leadership and faced a fragmented party. Wilson, the first president with a Ph.D., shifted focus from domestic to foreign policies, implementing significant reforms like the Federal Income Tax and the Federal Reserve. Together, they redefined American governance and set the stage for future reforms.

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The Progressive Presidents

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  1. The Progressive Presidents 1901-1921

  2. Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909 • Republican • Very energetic leader • Used his personality to get what he wanted • Loved the presidency • Believed an individual could have a big impact

  3. Theodore Roosevelt • Domestic Policies • Square Deal • If the common people of society were being victimized by the 6 forces shaping 20th cent America, TR would see to it that they received a “square deal” • Term used to describe the various progressive reforms sponsored by TR • Progressive Reforms • Trust regulation • Better labor relations / working conditions • Conservation of land • 1906 Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act

  4. William Howard Taft1909-1913 • Republican • More conservative • Pushed into the presidency • Did not like it or the spotlight • Was not a natural politician • Law background • Years after his presidency, he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • Only president to serve in these two roles • Proved to be a weak leader who, despite efforts to keep Progressive reforms alive, was overshadowed by TR

  5. The 1912 Election • Prior to the election • Roosevelt becomes increasingly irritated with Taft’s policies as President • The once best friends became bitter rivals • The Republican party becomes fragmented • One side = Progressives (Bull Moose Party) • Other side = Conservatives • Election Candidates • William H. Taft – Republican • Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive • Woodrow Wilson – Democrat • Eugene Debs - Socialist

  6. 1912 Election And the winner is… Woodrow Wilson!

  7. Woodrow Wilson1913-1921 • Democrat • Academic • 1st president to ever hold a Ph.D • Public viewed him as cold • But, was a great public speaker • Proponent of domestic affairs • However, his second term mostly dealt with foreign affairs

  8. Woodrow Wilson • Domestic Policies • Tariff reduction • Trust busting • Federal Income Tax - 1913 • Lower tariff rates cause the government to look elsewhere for revenue • Provided revenue by taxing individual earnings and corporate profit • Federal Reserve • Helped to establish control over banking and regulate US currency

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