1 / 35

Drifting Toward Disunion: 1854-1861

Drifting Toward Disunion: 1854-1861. Chapter 19. A. Stowe and Helper: Literary Incendiaries. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)- highest selling book of the 1850s Influenced northerners & British. Hinton Helper’s The Impending Crisis of the South (1857)

hymelj
Télécharger la présentation

Drifting Toward Disunion: 1854-1861

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Drifting Toward Disunion: 1854-1861 Chapter 19

  2. A. Stowe and Helper: Literary Incendiaries • Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)- highest selling book of the 1850s • Influenced northerners & British

  3. Hinton Helper’s The Impending Crisis of the South (1857) • Slavery bad for poor whites & southern economy • Didn’t make an impression on poor whites- on aristocratic whites- made them mad

  4. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

  5. B. The North-South Contest for Kansas • Battle for the state • Abolitionists, free-soilers • New England Emigrant Aid Company • Beecher’s Bibles • Southerners- not a good idea to bring slaves • 2 in KS, 15 in NB

  6. 1855- elect territorial legislature • Border ruffians from Missouri • Proslavery govt. at Shawnee Mission • Antislavery govt. at Topeka • Sack of Lawrence

  7. C. KS in Convulsion • John Brown- fervent abolitionist • Pottawatomie Creek Massacre- May, 1856 • Bleeding KS- 1856-1861

  8. 1857- KS bid for statehood • Lecompton Const.- with or without slavery- protected slavery either way • Stephen Douglas’s reaction • KS remained a territory

  9. D. Bully Brooks and his Bludgeon • Sen. Charles Sumner of MA • “Crime Against KS” • Against South & Sen. Andrew Butler of SC

  10. Rep. Preston Brooks of SC • Beat Sumner in Senate in May 1856 • Brooks resigned, but immediately reelected • Reactions in North & South • Proved how great a controversy the slave issue was

  11. E. Old Buck vs. the Pathfinder • 1856- Dems. Didn’t go with Pres. Pierce or S. Douglas • Nominated James Buchanan- not involved with KS • 1st Republican candidate- John C. Fremont • Know-Nothings- Millard Filmore

  12. F. The Electoral Fruits of 1856 • Buchanan won 174-114-8 • Threats of secession- business in North • North still not ready for a war • What did this show? • Know-Nothings in Decline • Democrats could win behind a truly national candidate • Republican Party was already a force in the North

  13. G. The Dred Scott Bombshell • Decision handed down 2 days after Buchanan took office- March, 1857 • Slavery in free territories

  14. Taney’s Ruling • Slaves not citizens & couldn’t vote • Slavery could exist legally anywhere • Congress can’t take the rights of property away without due process of law- 5th amendment

  15. H. Financial Crash of 1857 • Not as bad as 1837- psychological effect • Hurt mainly northerners & westerners • Southerners did fine b/c of high cotton prices • Northerners wanted stronger tariffs • Westerners wanted 160 acres of free land • Gave Republican party campaign issues

  16. I. An Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges • A. Lincoln chosen to run against Douglas in 1858 Senate race • Physical difference of Douglas • Born low social class, self-educated, rustic • Possibly manic-depressive • Wife’s psychological state • Good trial lawyer • 1-term representative (1847-1849) as a Whig • Personally against slavery- KS-NB Act reinvigorated his political career

  17. J. The Great Debate: Lincoln vs. Douglas • 7 open-air debates

  18. Freeport • Freeport Doctrine • How can people vote slavery down after Dred Scott? • If people don’t want slavery, laws won’t be passed to protect it. It will then, therefore, die out. • Douglas won election, but not by a landslide • People looked at Lincoln as a viable presidential candidate for Republican party

  19. K. John Brown: Murderer or Martyr? • John Brown to western VA • Tried to take over the armory at Harper’s Ferry, VA- Oct. 1859 • Quickly captured by troops under Robert E. Lee • Hanged Dec. 1859 • Feelings in North & South

  20. L. The Disruption of the Democrats • Dem. Convention in Charelston- Douglas • Unable to get votes for nomination- Southerners- meeting dissolved • Baltimore- mainly northern Dems.- Douglas nominated • Southerners had their own meeting in Baltimore-nominated VP John Breckenridge of KY • Constitutional Union party • Old Whigs & Know-Nothings • Compromise • John Bell of TN

  21. M. A Rail-Splitter Splits the Union • Republicans convention in Chicago • Favored candidate- William Seward • Lincoln 2nd choice- fewer enemies • Platform • Free-soilers • No extension of slavery • Protections for immigrants • Internal improvements • Free farm homesteads • Lincoln against slavery, but not for immediate emancipation- didn’t make any statements to ease southern fears

  22. Wide Awakes

  23. N. The Electoral Upheaval of 1860 • Final vote • Lincoln- 180 • Douglas- 12 • Breckenridge- 72 • Bell- 39 • Could Dems have won if undivided? • Numbers say no- 169-134 • Would have entered united • Dems. still controlled the Congress & majority in SC

  24. O. The Secessionist Exodus • SC seceded 4 days after Lincoln’s election- Dec. 1860 • Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas (6 wks) • Met at Montgomery AL- CSA Feb. 1861 • Jefferson Davis of MS • Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia to follow • James Buchanan did nothing- personal weakness & Const. • Army scattered • North not yet willing to fight

  25. P. The Collapse of Compromise • December 1860 – Committee of 33 • John J. Crittenden’s Compromise • All territories north of 36 30 closed to slavery • South of 36 30 open to slavery regardless of pop. Sov. • Lincoln rejected Crittenden Compromise • Against his principles • Must bear responsibility

  26. Peace Conference at the Willard Hotel (Washington Peace Conference) • “Old Gentleman’s Convention” • February 1861 • Presided over by John Tyler • Proposed a 13th Amendment guaranteeing slavery where it already existed. • Pass House and Senate (1 vote to spare) • Never ratified by states

  27. Q. Farewell to the Union • Mainly regarding slavery • Political balance • Republican Party • Abolitionists • Way to cast off northern “vasalage” • Looked at it as the same as the Revolutionary War

More Related