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PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS

PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS. Dr . Ali M. Hadianfard Faculty member of AJUMS http :// www.alihadianfard.info / download.html. Further reading. Biomedical informatics computer applications in health care and biomedicine (3 rd edition), Edward H. Shortliffe, 2006 (chapter 15). Definition.

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PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS

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  1. PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS Dr. Ali M. Hadianfard Faculty member of AJUMS http://www.alihadianfard.info/download.html

  2. Further reading • Biomedical informatics computer applications in health care and biomedicine (3rd edition), Edward H. Shortliffe, 2006 (chapter 15).

  3. Definition • The systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health including surveillance, prevention, preparedness, reporting, health promotion, research, and learning. • It is an interdisciplinary profession that applies mathematics, engineering, information science, and related social sciences (e.g., decision analysis) to important public health problems and processes. It is one of the subdomains of Health informatics. • Public health informatics is distinguished by its focus on populations, its orientation to prevention, and its governmental context. • Public health focuses on the health of the community, as opposed to that of the individual patient.

  4. Organizations Organizations focused on public health informatics to aid in the detection and management of diseases and syndromes in individuals and populations: • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • The Public Health Surveillance and Informatics Program Office (PHSIPO)

  5. Information Systems in Public Health Most public health information systems have focused on information about aggregate populations. • The HIV/AIDS reporting system • The National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS): attempt to track completely the incidence of many conditions, including lead poisoning, injuries and deaths in the workplace, and birth defects. • Immunization Registries: contain data about children and vaccinations

  6. Categories of public health informatics The work of public health informatics can be divided into three categories. • The study and description of complex systems (e.g., models of disease transmission or public health nursing work flow). • The identification of opportunities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public health systems through innovative data collection or use of information. • The implementation and maintenance of processes and systems to achieve such improvements.

  7. Elements of public health surveillance systems • Planning and system design:Identifying information and sources that best address a surveillance goal; identifying who will access information, by what methods and under what conditions; and improving analysis or action by improving the surveillance system interaction with other information systems. • Data collection:Identifying potential bias associated with different collection methods (e.g., telephone use or cultural attitudes toward technology); identifying appropriate use of structured data compared with free text, most useful vocabulary, and data standards; and recommending technologies (e.g., global positioning systems and radio-frequency identification) to support easier, faster, and higher-quality data entry in the field. • Data management and collation:Identifying ways to share data across different computing/technology platforms; linking new data with data from legacy systems; and identifying and remedying data-quality problems while ensuring data privacy and security.

  8. Elements of public health surveillance systems • Analysis:Identifying appropriate statistical and visualization applications; generating algorithms to alert users to aberrations in health events; and leveraging high-performance computational resources for large data sets or complex analyses. • Interpretation:Determining usefulness of comparing information from one surveillance program with other data sets (related by time, place, person, or condition) for new perspectives and combining data of other sources and quality to provide a context for interpretation. • Dissemination:Recommending appropriate displays of information for users and the best methods to reach the intended audience; facilitating information finding; and identifying benefits for data providers. • Application to public health programs:Assessing the utility of having surveillance data directly flow into information systems that support public health interventions and information elements or standards that facilitate this linkage of surveillance to action and improving access to and use of information produced by a surveillance system for workers in the field and health-care providers.

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