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Mineral Characteristics

This lecture notes guide provides an overview of the fundamental characteristics of minerals. It explains that minerals are inorganic, never part of living organisms, and develop in nature without biological assistance. Minerals are always solid, exhibiting definite shapes and volumes, and possess a predictable chemical composition made up of one or more elements. The notes also cover the internal atomic patterns of minerals, highlighting how they form crystals based on the arrangement of atoms. Learn about the different types of minerals, including silicates, sulfides, and oxides, along with their specific characteristics.

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Mineral Characteristics

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  1. 4.1 Lecture Notes Mineral Characteristics Inorganic Describe: Minerals are/were NEVER part of living organisms.

  2. 4.1 Lecture Notes Natural Explain: Minerals develop in nature without the help of organisms! Also, they are not man-made!

  3. 4.1 Lecture Notes SOLID AS A ROCK! Solid Explain: Minerals are always in solid form (have definite shapes & volumes). NOT GAS! NOT LIQUID!

  4. 4.1 Lecture Notes Predictable Chemical Composition Explain: Minerals are made up of 1 or more elements, and each has the same chemical composition throughout. Kyanite: aluminum + silicon Pure gold mineral

  5. 4.1 Lecture Notes Internal Atomic Pattern (crystals) Explain: Minerals develop when atoms are added to a smooth surface (crystal face). Faces develop at angles to one another. Slower cooling = larger crystal size.

  6. SMALL CRYSTALS LARGE CRYSTALS

  7. Ferromagnesian- containing large amounts of iron & magnesium Composition Characteristics: Dark in color Mainly silicon + oxygen; Most plentiful elements In Earth’s crust Silicates Non-ferromagnesian- containing little iron & magnesium Light in color Characteristics:

  8. Example: lead + sulfur = Compounds that combine with sulfur. Sulfides The lead in batteries comes From galena.

  9. A carbon atom with 3 oxygen Atoms. Carbonates: Calcium carbonate

  10. Compounds that combine with chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine. Known as salts. Halides:

  11. A sulfur atom with 4 oxygen atoms. Sulfates: Copper Sulfate

  12. Contain an element combined with oxygen. Oxides:

  13. Minerals that contain only ONE type of atom (element). Native Elements: COPPER GOLD

  14. Assign: Do 4.1 WS Get it stamped when done  Get notes 4.1 stamped also Keep it inside blue folder

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