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Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. Chemical Reactions. A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as reactants or substrates.

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Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

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  1. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

  2. Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as reactants or substrates. Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction are known as products.

  3. Chemical Reactions (cont.) When chemical reactions take place bonds between elements are broken or joined together.

  4. Enzymes helping chemical reactions.. An enzyme is protein that speeds up chemical reactions in our body. Another word for an object that speeds up chemical reactions are called catalysts.

  5. Enzymes are Catalysts -The substrates are compounds that need to react chemicallyand receive help from enzymes. - The enzyme is the catalyst that will make it easier for the reaction to happen.- The product is the compound that is formed by the reaction. Substrates

  6. Lock and Key Theory

  7. Induced - Fit Theory Substrate is not a perfect fit into active site. Enzymes hugs and tugs at the substrate. http://www.boardworkseducation.com/media/a9788e53/AP%20Biology%20sample/3_2_induced_fit_animation.swf

  8. Enzymes can do two things…

  9. CatalystReaction http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html

  10. Enzyme Name Game! • Enzymes names are usually related to the molecule that they work with. • Examples: • Lipase breaks down Lipids • Pepsin breaks down Peptides • Amylase breaks down Amylose(starch) • Sucrasebreaks down Sucrose • Most enzymes end in the suffix “-ase”

  11. pH and Enzymes • Each and every enzyme has an optimum pH. • At this specific pH level, a particular enzyme catalyzes the reaction at the fastest rate than in any other pH level.

  12. Temperature and Enzymes • As the temperature is raised, the reaction rate of enzymes rises. • A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%.

  13. However it can all go downhill… • pH • If the enzymes goes to far out of is optimum pH range it becomes denatured. • Denature – to change the shape so it stops working. • Temperature • If the temperature surrounding enzymes gets too high, it becomes denatured.

  14. Temperature and Enzymes

  15. Question 1Describe how the structure of an enzyme and substrate interact.Draw a picture to show this.

  16. Question 2Describe the function of enzymes in organisms.

  17. Question 3 • Using the data from the graph below explain how the activity of the enzymes changes as pH changes.

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