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1+1=3

Task 1. 1+1=2. 1+1=2. 1+1=2. 1+1=3. Task 2. Task n. host. 1+1=3. node 2. node 3. Malicious node 4 . node 1. 1+1=3!. 1+1=3. Honest node. Sybil node. 1+1=3. 1+1=2. Attack edges. Honest nodes. Sybil nodes. Honest region. Sybil region. worker. worker. 1*1=?. 1+2=?.

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1+1=3

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  1. Task 1 1+1=2 1+1=2 1+1=2 1+1=3 Task 2 Task n host 1+1=3 node 2 node 3 Malicious node 4 node 1 1+1=3! 1+1=3 Honest node Sybil node 1+1=3 1+1=2

  2. Attack edges Honest nodes Sybil nodes Honest region Sybil region

  3. worker worker 1*1=? 1+2=? host worker 1+1=? 1*2=? worker host worker worker 1*1=1 1+2=3 host 1+1=2 worker 1*2=2 worker host Volunteer computing system

  4. FSA honest node honest node 1*1=? 1+2=? malicious node 1+1=? 1*2=? host malicious node host honest node honest node 1*1=1 1+2=3 malicious node 1+1=100 1*2=100 host malicious node host

  5. honest worker honest worker 1+2=3 malicious worker 1+1=100 host malicious worker host host 1+1=2 1+1=3 1+1=3 1+1=3 collude honest Malicious Non-conspirator Malicious conspirator Malicious conspirator

  6. Replication honest node honest node 1*1=? 1+1=? malicious node 1+1=? 1*2=? host malicious node host 1+1=? 1*2=? honest node honest node honest node 1*1=1 1+1=2 honest node 1*1=1 1+1=2 malicious node 1+1=100 1*1=100 host malicious node host 1*1=1 1+1=2 honest node honest node

  7. FSA + colluding honest node honest node 1*1=? 1+1=? colluding node 1+1=? 1*2=? host colluding node host 1+1=? 1*2=? colluding node colluding node honest node 1*1=100 1+1=100 honest node 1*1=1 1+1=2 colluding node 1+1=100 1*1=100 host colluding node host 1*1=100 1+1=100 colluding node colluding node

  8. honest node honest node 1+2=? 1+1=? Sybil node 1+1=? 1+2=? host Sybil node host 1+2=? 1+1=? SA Sybil node Sybil node malicious user malicious user honest node honest node 1+2=100 1+1=100 1+2=3 1+1=2 Sybil node 1+1=100 1+2=100 host Sybil node host 1+2=100 1+1=100 Sybil node Sybil node

  9. Authorized DCSs Unauthorized DCSs Centralized DCSs E.g., many volunteer computing systems (BOINC) Hybrid DCSs E.g., many P2P systems (Skype, BitTorrent) Distributed DCSs E.g., pure P2P systems Centralized decentralized

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