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American History Chapter 13-3

This chapter explores the motivations and changes in farming on the American plains during the 19th century. It discusses significant legislation like the 1862 Homestead Act, which granted land to families willing to build and cultivate it, and the Pacific Railway Act that supported railroad expansion. The Oklahoma Land Run of 1889 drew thousands of settlers, marking the end of the American frontier according to historian Frederick Turner. Additionally, agricultural innovations such as James Oliver's improved plow and the development of bonanza farms reflect the shifts in farming practices during this transformative era.

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American History Chapter 13-3

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  1. American History Chapter 13-3 Farming the Plains

  2. Motivations to Farm the West • 1862 Homestead Act: Gave 160 acres of land to the head of the household. • Had to build on the land & farm it for 5 yrs to own it. • 1862 Pacific Railway Act: Granted land to RR companies to construct railroad & telegraph lines. • 1862 Morrill Act: Granted land to states to build or finance colleges for the agricultural & mechanical arts.

  3. Further Motivation to Farm the West • 1889 Oklahoma Land Run: 2 million acres of land, previously believed to be Indian Territory, was opened up to white settlement. • 50,000 settlers rushed into Ok. to stake their claims.

  4. End of the American Frontier • 1890 – U.S. Census Bureau declared that the American frontier was closed. • Historian Frederick Turner believed that it was the frontier that had made the U.S. distinctive. • Today’s historians list other factors as being more important to the development of the U.S., (ie: slavery, immigration, industrialization.) Frederick Jackson Turner

  5. Migration West • Benjamin Singleton: Former slave who encouraged Af. Am. to build their own communities in the West. • Exodusters: 15,000 + African Americans moved to Ks. • Many blacks left the South to avoid segregation & the KKK.

  6. Changes in Farming • Many were forced to irrigate. • Constructed windmills. • Lumber was scarce on the plains. • Farmers built dugouts & sod houses.

  7. Other Farm Changes • James Oliver: Invented a plow with a sharper edge. • Combine harvesters were invented. • Bonanza farms developed: • Large companies bought up land & ran farms like factories. • Struggled with the boom-and-bust cycles of farming. James Oliver

  8. The End

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