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EENG 1920 Chapter 4

EENG 1920 Chapter 4. Concept Generation and Evaluation. Barriers to Creativity. Perceptual block Prevents you from seeing the problem Put constraints on the problem that is not there See a solution to a problem that one is biased to see Emotional block Fear of failure

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EENG 1920 Chapter 4

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  1. EENG 1920 Chapter 4 Concept Generation and Evaluation

  2. Barriers to Creativity • Perceptual block • Prevents you from seeing the problem • Put constraints on the problem that is not there • See a solution to a problem that one is biased to see • Emotional block • Fear of failure • Fear of chaos and disorganization • Tendency to critically judge ideas

  3. Barriers to Creativity • Cultural and Environmental Block • Things in our environment that limit creative ability • Team members distrust each other • Autocratic management resists new ideas • Intellectual and Expressive Block • Need an understanding of engineering tools • Engineering tools are need that you do not have • MATLAB • LABVIEW • VHDL • SPICE

  4. Vertical and Lateral Think • Vertical thinking • Focuses on sequential steps toward a solution • Tries to determine correctness of the solution • Tries to narrow to a single solution • Lateral thinking • Jumping around between steps • No attempt to determine right or wrong solutions • No attempt to narrow to a single solution narrow to a single solution

  5. Strategies for Creativity • Have a questioning attitude • Practice being creative • Suspend judgment • All incubation time • Think like a beginner

  6. SCAMPER(Guide to Generate Creative Concepts) • Substitute • Combine • Adapt • Modify • Put to other use • Eliminate • Rearrange or Reverse

  7. Concept Generation • Search Externally • Literature review • Search and review existing products • Benchmark similar products • Interview experts • Search Internally • Brainstorming/brainwriting • Nominal Group Technique • Concept Table/Fans

  8. Brainstorming Rules for group brainstorming • No evaluation or judgment of ideas permitted. • Encourage wild ideas. • Focus on quantity, not quality (can always toss later!) • Build upon, combine, or modify the ideas of others (SCAMPER). • Record all ideas.

  9. Concept Table(Computer Design)

  10. Concept Fan

  11. Concept Evaluation Decision Methods (some of them) • Strength & Weakness Analysis • Analytical Hierarchy Process (Decision Matrix) • Pugh Concept Selection

  12. Strength & Weakness Analysis • Identify and list strengths and weaknesses of each concept. • To make more analytical, assign subjective weights to strengths and weaknesses (plus and minus factors) and sum them.

  13. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)(Decision Matrix)

  14. Decision Matrix: Steps • Step 1: Determine the selection criteria • Step 2: Select the criteria weightings • Step 3: Identify and rate alternatives relative to the criteria • Step 4: Compute the scores • Step 5: Review the decision

  15. Example: Quantitative Decision • Select a current source circuit for current measurement • RTD = Resistance Temperature Device

  16. Step 1: Select the Criteria In this case they are given as • Accuracy • Cost • Size • Availability

  17. Step 2: Select the Weighting Factor • These are computed based upon the results of the pairwise comparison – given in the problem. • Be sure to normalize the final values.

  18. Step 3: Compute Design Ratings They need to be computed for the following • Accuracy • Cost • Size • Availability

  19. Step 4: Compute the Scores

  20. Pugh Concept Selection • Select the comparison criteria • Determine weights for the criteria • Determine the concepts • Select baseline concept, initially believed best • Compare other concepts to baseline: • +1 better than, 0 equal to, -1 worse than. • Compute weighted score for concepts, not including the baseline. • Examine concepts: retain, update, or drop. Synthesize best elements of others where possible. • Update table & iterate until best concept emerges.

  21. Pugh Concept Table

  22. Identify different design alternatives (see also Chapters 5 and 6). • Search externally • Brainstorming sessions. • Nominal Group Technique • Morphology (Concept Tables and Fans) • SCAMPER • Identify leading concept and justify • Strength & Weaknesses Analysis • Decision Matrices • Pugh Concept Selection Project Application • Identify different design alternatives (see also Chapters 5 and 6). • Search externally • Brainstorming sessions. • Nominal Group Technique • Morphology (Concept Tables and Fans) • SCAMPER • Identify leading concept and justify • Strength & Weaknesses Analysis • Decision Matrices • Pugh Concept Selection

  23. Chapter 4 Homework • Name four barriers to creativity. • What is vertical thinking? • What is lateral thinking? • What are the five steps of a decision matrix?

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