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The Web Service Modelling Ontology - WSMO NetObjectDays2004 – 27 Sept. 2004

The Web Service Modelling Ontology - WSMO NetObjectDays2004 – 27 Sept. 2004. Christoph Bussler, Sinuhe Arroyo, Michael Stollberg, Matthew Moran, Michal Zaremba, John Domingue, Liliana Cabral and Jos de Bruijn. NetObjectDays2004, Erfurt, Germany, September 27 th – 30 th September, 2004.

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The Web Service Modelling Ontology - WSMO NetObjectDays2004 – 27 Sept. 2004

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  1. The Web Service Modelling Ontology - WSMONetObjectDays2004 – 27 Sept. 2004 Christoph Bussler, Sinuhe Arroyo, Michael Stollberg, Matthew Moran, Michal Zaremba, John Domingue, Liliana Cabral and Jos de Bruijn NetObjectDays2004, Erfurt, Germany, September 27th – 30th September, 2004

  2. Objectives of Tutorial • Enable attendees to: • Understand aims & challenges within Semantic Web Services • Understand the main technologies of WSMO • Be able to model Web Services with WSMO • Be able to correctly assess emerging technologies & products for Semantic Web Services • Use an implemented tool to create SWS • Give an overview of ‘hot topics’ within the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services • Provide a detailed introduction into WSMO: • Design principles & paradigms • Building blocks • Technologies & implementations The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  3. Contents • Part I: Introduction to the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services • Part II: Introduction to WSMO • Part III: The building blocks of WSMO ------------- break ------------- • Part IV: Choreography and orchestration • Part V: WSMO languages: WSML ------------- lunch ------------- • Part VI: The execution environments: WSMX and IRS-3 ------------- break ------------- • Part VII: Hands on session The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  4. Use Case • Aim: • Example to be followed throughout the tutorial to showcase WSMO technology • Description: • Buy a train ticket to travel from Innsbruck, Austria to Frankfurt, Germany. • Depart: 10 September 2004, after 06:00 • Arrival: 10 September 2004, before 18:00 The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  5. WSMO Tutorial Part I Introduction to the Semantic Web and Semantic Web ServicesMichal Zaremba The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  6. Part IContents • The Semantic Web • The general vision • Ontologies • Semantic Web Services • Web Services • The general vision • Semantic Web Services The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  7. The Semantic Web The General Vision

  8. The General Vision • 500 million user more than 3 billion pages WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Static Syntactic The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  9. The General Vision • Serious Problems in • Information finding • Information extracting • Information representing • Information interpreting • Information maintaining WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Static Syntactic Semantic The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  10. The General Vision [Butler 2003] The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  11. The General Vision “The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation” [Berners-Lee et al. 2001] The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  12. The General Vision • The Semantic Web: • It is the next generation of the WWW where information has machine-processable and machine-understandable semantics • It will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages • It is not a separate Web but an augmentation of the current one, where information is given a well-defined meaning The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  13. Ontologies • Core concept of the Semantic Web that allows the representation of data in a machine processable way • Ontologies are introduced to provide machine-understandable semantics • “Formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization” [Gruber, 1993] The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  14. Ontologies “Represent formal and consensual specifications of conceptualizations, which provide a shared and common understanding of a domain as data and information machine-processable semantics, which can be communicated among agents (organizations, individuals, and software)”[Fensel, 2001] The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  15. Ontologies • Main components of an ontology • Concepts: Basic elements of the domain tasks, usually organized in taxonomies and containing attributes • Instances: Represent specific elements of the concepts. • Relations: Express relationship between concepts in the domain • Function: Method that can be invoked on a specific instance of a concept • Axioms: Model sentences that are always true The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  16. Ontologies • Concept: concept ticket origin ofType location destination ofType location departure ofType timeStamp arrival ofType timeStamp fare ofType price • Instance: instance tInnFra memberOf ticket origin hasValue innsbruck destination hasValue frankfurt departure hasValue 2004-10-10T06:00 arrival hasValue 2004-10-10T18:00 fare hasValue “EUR 100” • Concept: concept client name ofType xsd:string lastName ofType xsd:string address ofType location • Instance: instance john memberOf client name hasValue “John” lastName hasValue “Domingue” address hasValue loc1 The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  17. Ontologies • Relation: relation distance from ofType location to ofType location amount ofType kilometers • Function: function daysBetween rangeofType xsd:integer instant1 ofType instant instant2 ofType instant definedBy daysBetween[range hasValue ?x, instant1 hasValue ?y, instant2 hasValue ?z] impliedBy subTract(?x, ?y1, ?z1) and julianDayNumber(?y1,?y) and julianDayNumber(?z1,?z). • Axiom: axiom validDates definedBy <- ?x memberOf ticket[arrival hasValue ?y, departure hasValue ?z] and ?y < ?z. The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  18. Ontologies • The benefits: • Ontologies define formal semantics for information allowing information processing by a computer • Ontologies define a real-world semantics allowing to link machine processable content with meaning for humans based on consensual terminology • Ontologies facilitate semantic interoperability • So now human and computers can collaborate: machine processing + human intervention The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  19. Semantic Web Services

  20. Web Services "Semantic differences remain the primary roadblock to smooth application integration, one which Web Services alone won't over-come. Until someone finds a way for applications to understand each other, the effect of Web services technology will be fairly limited. When I pass customer data across [the Web] in a certain format using a Web Services interface, the receiving program has to know what that format is. You have to agree on what the business objects look like. And no one has come up with a feasible way to work that out yet -- not Oracle, and not its competitors..." Oracle Chairman and CEO Larry Ellison The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  21. Web Services Web Services as a Software Architecture “Web services are a new breed of Web application. They are self-contained, self-describing, modular applications that can be published, located, and invoked across the Web. Web services perform functions, which can be anything from simple requests to complicated business processes…Once a Web service is deployed, other applications (and other Web services) can discover and invoke the deployed service.” IBM web service tutorial The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  22. Web Services as a Software Architecture • Web Services connect computers and devices with each other using the Internet to exchange data and combine data in new ways • The key to Web Services is on-the-fly software creation through the use of loosely coupled, reusable software components • Software can be delivered and paid for as fluid streams of services as opposed to packaged products • No risks in terms on investment The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  23. New Concept for eWork and eCommerce New Concept for eWork and eCommerce „Web Services, are Services accessible via the web.“ Numerous white papers The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  24. New Concept for eWork and eCommerce • Business services can be completely decentralized and distributed over the Internet and accessed by a wide variety of communication devices • The Internet will become a global common platform where organizations and individuals communicate among each other to carry out various commercial activities and to provide value-added services • The dynamic enterprise and dynamic value chains become achievable and may be even mandatory for competitive advantage The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  25. New Concept for eWork and eCommerce • Large companies shrink around their core competencies into small, flexible, and highly profitable units • Vice versa, virtual enterprises are set up on the fly reflecting current needs from the market • eWork and eCommerce will be the two sides of the same coin The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  26. Web Services as Programming Technology WS as programming technology Current state of the art The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  27. UDDI WSDL SOAP URI HTML HTTP Web Services as Programming Technology • The web is organized around URIs, HTML, and HTTP • URIs provide defined ids to refer to elements on the web • HTML provides a standardized way to describe document structures (allowing browsers to render information for the human reader) • HTTP defines a protocol to retrieve information from the web. • Not surprisingly, web services require a similar infrastructure around UDDI, WSDL, and SOAP The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  28. Web Services as Programming Technology The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  29. The General Vision • Bringing the computer back as a device for computation Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Dynamic WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Static Syntactic Semantic The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  30. The General Vision • Bringing the web to its full potential Intelligent Web Services Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Dynamic WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Static Syntactic Semantic The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  31. Semantic Web Services Semantic Web Services = Semantic Web Technology + Web Service Technology The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  32. Semantic Web Services “Self-contained, self-describing, semantically marked-up software resources that can be published, discovered, composed and executed across the Web in a task driven automatic way”[Arroyo et al. 2004] The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  33. Semantic Web Services • SWS Usage Process: • Publication:Make available the description of the capability of a service • Discovery:Locate different services suitable for a given task • Selection:Choose the most appropriate services among the available ones • Composition:Combine services to achieve a goal • Mediation:Solve mismatches (data, protocol, process) among the combined • Execution:Invoke services following programmatic conventions The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  34. Semantic Web Services • SWS Usage Process: • Execution Support • Monitoring:Control the execution process • Compensation:Provide transactional support and undo or mitigate unwanted effects • Replacement:Facilitate the substitution of services by equivalent ones • Auditing: Verify that service execution occurred in the expected way The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  35. Semantic Web Services • Semantic Web Services have the potential to become a key-enabling infrastructure for: • Knowledge Management and eWork • Enterprise Application Integration • eCommerce (B2B and B2C) • In consequence Semantic Web Services are one of the key areas of applied computer science The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  36. WSMO Tutorial Part II Introduction to the Web Service Modeling Ontology WSMOMichal Zaremba The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  37. Part IIContents • WSMO and SDK-Cluster • WSMO • Mission • Features • Design principles • WSMO Working Group The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  38. WSMO • WSMO is an ontology and a conceptual model for the description Semantic Web Services • WSMO is derived from and based on the Web Service Modeling Framework WSMF • WSMO is an SDK-Cluster working group The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  39. SDK-Cluster • SEKT (Semantically-Enabled Knowledge Technologies) http://sekt.semanticweb.org/ • DIP (Data, Information and Process with Semantic Web Services) http://www.nextwebgeneration.org/projects/dip/ • Knowledge Web http://knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org/ • SDK – Cluster http://www.sdk-cluster.org/ The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  40. SDK-Cluster • Mission: • Strengthening European Research and Industry in Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services • Working towards international standardization together with US-based DAML program • Promoting research results to industry and academia through joint dissemination • Strengthening world-wide research and standardization in Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services field The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  41. WSMO Working Group • Chairs: • Christoph Bussler • Dieter Fensel • It is open to: • All members of SEKT, DIP, Knowledge Web, SWWS, and DERI • Experts in the field • If interested in joining, please send e-mail to chairs The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  42. WSMO Mission • Create a Web Service Modelling Ontology (WSMO) for describing various aspects of Semantic Web Services • We aim to solve the integration problem • Provide a world-wide standard, developed together with industrial partners and other research groups, that will be aligned with different research projects The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  43. WSMO Features • Features: • Simplicity: A solution to the integration problem that is as simple as possible • Completeness: Solve all aspects of the integration problem • Executability: An execution semantic exists as well as a reference implementation The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  44. WSMO Design Principles • Decoupling and Mediation: • Decoupling: • Applications should be as independent as possible • Carry communication by means of public message exchange protocols • Mediation: • Scalable communications should allow anybody to speak with everybody • A mediation approach, which allows to map different business logics is taken • Interface vs Implementation: Differentiates among the internal implementation and behaviour and the externally visible behaviour The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  45. WSMO Design Principles • Peer-to-peer vs Client/Server: Interaction takes place among equal partners, in terms of their level of control over the other entity • Execution semantics: Required to uniquely specify the execution behaviour at runtime. WSMO compliant implementations  shall have a formal execution semantics  to ensure a consistent execution model The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  46. Working Groups – General overview WSMO WG A Conceptual Model for SWS WSML WG WSMX WG A Formal Language for WSMO An Execution Environment for WSMO A Rule-based Language for SWS The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  47. WSMO Working Group • Mission: • Develop an ontology for describing Semantic Web Services • Backbone for the development of: • Web Service Modelling Language (WSML) • Web Service Modelling Execution Environment (WSMX) • Web site: • http://www.wsmo.org/ The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  48. Web Service Modelling Language • Mission: • Develop a formal language for describing Semantic Web Services and provide a rule language for the Semantic Web • Web Service Modelling Language (WSML) • F-logic based language, for the description of Semantic Web Services based on WSMO • Five different species: • WSML-Core, OWL-Lite based • WSML-Flight, OWL-Flight based • WSML-Rule, Logic Programming-variant of F-Logic and HiLog • WSML-OWL, WSML syntax + OWL semantics • WSML-Full, a full First-Order Logic • Web site: • http://www.wsmo.org/wsml/ The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  49. Web Service Modelling Execution Environment • Mission: • Develop an architecture for working with Semantic Web Services • Web Service Modelling Execution Environment (WSMX). • A reference implementation of an execution environment for WSMO • Test-bed for WSMO to demonstrate the viability of using WSMO for dynamic interoperation of Semantic Web Services • Web site: • http://www.wsmx.org/ The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

  50. WSMO Tutorial Part III Building Blocks of WSMOMichael Stollberg The Web Service Modelling Ontology – WSMO NetObjectDays2004, 27-30-2004, Erfurt, Germany

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