mercubuana.ac.id Modul 13 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

1. http://www.mercubuana.ac.id Modul 13 MODERN ARCHITECTURE Modern adalah jiwa zaman yang dicirikan dengan kekuatan kritik. ‘Kritik’ menjadi issue utama di dalam modern. Modern memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut: Rasionalist, realism, functionalist, pesimistic dan industrialistic. Gerakan lain yang menandai modernisme (Explotation) adalah World War I, Russian Revolution, Futurism, Cubism, Bauhaus dan paradigmatic. Sedangkan pada 2nd Generation ditandai dengan Jazz Age, Mass Production dan Poppular Culture. Yang terkhir adalah After 2nd War yaitu Nazi dan Minimalist. Beberapa kaum modernist percaya bahwa menolak tradisi dapat membuka cara-cara baru dalam membuat dunia baru. ART NUVO Character of Art Nouveau · Dynamic, undulating, and flowing, with curved 'whiplash' lines of syncopated rhythm, characterised much of Art Nouveau. Another feature is the use of hyperbolas and parabolas. · Conventional mouldings seem to spring to life and 'grow' into plant-derived forms. · Art Nouveau has a distinctive visual look; and unlike the backward-looking Arts and Crafts Movement, Art Nouveau artists quickly used new materials, machined surfaces, and abstraction in the service of pure design.

2. http://www.mercubuana.ac.id VITRUVIUS The place of functionalism in building can be traced back to the Vitruvian triad, where 'utilitas' (variously translated as 'commodity', 'convenience', or 'utility') stands alongside 'venustas' (beauty) and 'firmitas' (firmness) as one of three classic goals of architecture. Ornament is a Crime "Ornament and Crime" is an essay written by the influential and self- consciously "modern" Austrian architect Adolf Loos in 1908. It was translated into English in 1913, under its challenging title. "The evolution of culture marches with the elimination of ornament from useful objects" Loos proclaimed, linking the optimistic sense of the linear and upward progress of cultures with the contemporary vogue for applying evolution to cultural contexts. CHICAGO ARCHITECTURE In the early years of the 20th Century, Chicago architect Louis Sullivan popularized the phrase 'form follows function' to capture his belief that a building's size, massing, spatial grammar and other characteristics should be driven solely by the function of the building. The implication is that if the functional aspects are satisfied, architectural beauty would naturally and necessarily follow. LE CORBUSIER Corbusier famously said "a house is a machine for living in"; his 1923 book Vers une architecture was, and still is, very influential, and his early built work such as the Villa Savoye in Poissy, France is thought of as prototypically functional.

3. http://www.mercubuana.ac.id visual compositions to vertical and the horizontal directions, and used only primary colors of red, blue and yellow along with black and white. BAUHAUS Bauhaus is the common term for the Staatliches Bauhaus, an art and architecture school in Germany that operated from 1919 to 1933, and for the approach to design that it developed and taught. The most natural meaning for its name (related to the German verb for "build") is Architecture House. Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture. BRUTALISM Brutalism is an architectural style that spawned from the modernist architectural movement and which flourished from the 1950s to the 1970s. The early style was inspired largely by the work of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier, and in particular his Unité d'Habitation (1952) and the 1953 Secretariat Building in Chandigarh, India.