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rtyu

rtyu. Introduction. Amr Saber El- Sayed Barakat. About the Project. What dose MASK mean? It refers to the common first letters of the team members’ names:. And Supervised By: Dr. Adel Y. Ezzat. Project Basic Idea.

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rtyu

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  1. rtyu

  2. Introduction Amr Saber El-SayedBarakat

  3. About the Project What dose MASK mean? It refers to the common first letters of the team members’ names: And Supervised By: Dr. Adel Y. Ezzat

  4. Project Basic Idea The basic idea of the project is to develop a Software that would be able to provide LTE Planning Process, and calculate: • Number of site required to cover a certain area. • Total Throughput per cell serving the covered area. It also should : • Place the counted sites on the map.

  5. Project Objectives The aim behind this project can be abbreviated in the following points: Create a project that keep up both, the new technologies and the labor market. • New Technologies: • LTE Mobile Services, the newest mobile technology. • Web-based Application, the trend of software programming and developing. • Career : • All of us are interesting in the mobile communication field. • Gives us a great knowledge to expands our opportunities in the labor market, as the LTE is planned to be launched in Egypt in 2013.

  6. Project Characteristics The project is considered as a featured tool since it is: • First Web-based planning software application. • Saves user time to download and install and relieves him from updates. • User data is stored on secure, always-updated, backed-up highly-secure data center. • Can be accessed anytime, anywhere. • Compatible with all Operating Systems and Platforms. And the powerful of this project lies in : • Applying LTE planning standards following Ericsson’s perspective.

  7. Project Components • ADO, ASPJAVA Script • LTE Planning Standards

  8. Project Methodology (page v)

  9. Project Methodology (cont.)

  10. Project Methodology (cont.)

  11. Project Methodology (cont.)

  12. Presentation Outlines • History of Mobile Evaluation: • AmrEssam El-Din Hammad • LTE Basic Concept and Technologies: • Mohamed HussienMoahmed and Amr Mohamed Abdallah. • Planning Basic Concept: • AmrTalaatAttia. • LTE Planning Standards: • Mohamed Ahemd Salah and KarimMagdyHamed. • Infrastructure Tools: • Shady MoahemdLotfy. • Code Implementation: • Amr Saber Barakat. • Tool Description: • Mohammed Khalid Rahma

  13. The Evolution Of Mobile Communication System AmrEssamEldinHammad

  14. The Evolution Of Mobile Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors or "wires”. The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications).The 0th Generation Technology (0G – 0.5G)The great ancestor is the mobile telephone service that became available just after World War II. In those pre-cell days, you had a mobile operator to set up the calls and there were only a handful of channels available. 0G refers to pre-cell phone mobile telephony technology, such as radio telephones that some had in cars before the advent of cell phones. Technologies used in 0G systems:1- PTT (Push to Talk). 2- MTS (Mobile Telephone System). 3-IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service). 4-AMTS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System).5- OLT (Norwegian for OffentligLandmobilTelefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony).6- MTD (Swedish abbreviation for Mobil Telefoni system D, or Mobile telephony system D).

  15. The 1st Generation Technology (1G) It is an Analog cellular network , uses multiple cell sites, and has the ability to transfer calls from one site to the next as the user travelled between cells during a conversation . The first cellular network in the world was built in 1977 in Chicago and turned on in 1978. By the end of 1978 it had over 1300 customers. In 1979 a cellular network (1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT. As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability to reduce transmission power allowed new cells to be added, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus more capacity. 1G Frequency bands

  16. The 2nd Generation Technology (2G) The 2G is also known as Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). It is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) .GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot.GSM operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.Mobile services based on GSM technology were first launched in Finland in 1991. Today, more than 690 mobile networks provide GSM services across 213 countries and GSM represents 82.4% of all global mobile connections. According to GSM World, there are now more than 2 billion GSM mobile phone users worldwide.

  17. Basic Services of 2G technology • Voice services (speech coding with protection) • Full rate: 13 / 12.2 Kbit/s (original coder / enhanced full rate coder) • Half rate: 5.6 kilo bit/s (enhanced half rate coder). • Data services (coding with different levels of protection) • Full rate: 9.6 / 4.8 / 2.4 Kbit/s • Half rate: 4.8 / 2.4 Kbit/s. Advantages of the 2G : 1-Extensive Coverage.2-Greater Phone Variety.3-No Roaming Charges on International Calls.4-Huge Capacity.5-Low Power Consumption.6-Enhanced Range Of Service (Data + Voice ).Disadvantages of 2G: 1-Lag Bandwidth.2-Causes Electronic Interference.

  18. Worldwide GSM Networks In Service

  19. The 2.5th Generation Technology (2.5 G) The term 2.5G Also known as General Packet Radio Services (GPRS).GPRS is a packet based wireless communication service that promises data rates from 56 up to 114 Kbps and continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone.GPRS higher data rates allow users to take part in video conferences and interact with multimedia Web sites and similar applications using mobile handheld devices as well as notebook computers. Advantagesofthe 2.5G : 1-Allows users use the Internet anywhere at any time. 2-Allows the user to communicate on a world wide scale. 3-Can be used on both mobiles and laptops. Disadvantages of the 2.5G : 1-When GPRS is in use, other network related functions cannot be used. 2-It was Expensive to buy a mobile or laptop that has this feature.

  20. The 2.75th Generation Technology (2.75G) The term 2.75G is also known as Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC). EDGE is a digital mobile phone technology.EDGE is considered a pre-3G radio technology .EDGE can be used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet connection. Basic Services of 2.75G technology:It provides nearly three times faster speeds than the out dated GPRS system. The theoretical maximum speed is 473 kbps for 8 timeslots but it is typically limited to 135 kbps .Advantages of the 2.75G Technology :1-The technology makes use of 8PSK .2-The wireless and internet access points are easily accessible. 3-The technology has augmented the number of internet and mobile phone subscribers. 4-EDGE technology has multiplied the users of mobiles phones. Disadvantage of 2.75G Technology :1-3G is much faster than EDGE- up to 2.4 Mbps.

  21. The 3rd Generation Technology (3G) 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology which is your gateway if you want increased bandwidth, multiple mobile applications and clarity of digital signal.GSM technology was able to transfer circuit switched data over the network. The use of 3G technology is also able to transmit packet switch data efficiently at better and increased bandwidth.The services associated with 3G systems provide the ability to transfer both voice data and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging email, and instant messaging) with relatively high data rate. Originally, 3G was supposed to be a single, unified, worldwide standard, but in practice, the 3G world has been split into three camps: • UMTS (W-CDMA) . • CDMA-2000 . • TD-SCDMA .

  22. Specifications of 3G Technology • Frequency Band: Frequency bands 1885-2025MHZ & 2200-2210MHZ. • Data Services: support many data service form at least 144kbps in mobility till 2Mbps indoor. • Digital Modulation: Use QPSK Modulation. • Type of switching: Use Both Circuit and Packet Switching. Advantagesof3G Technology: 1- High Bandwidth.2-Always-Online Devices.3-Higher Bit Rate.Disadvantagesof3G Technology:1-Associated Costs.2-Power Requirements.

  23. The 3.5th Generation Technology (3.5G) The term 3.5 G is used to describe the systems that uses the HSDPA(High Speed Downlink Packet Access ) protocol. HSDPA is a packet-based data service in W-CDMA downlink with data transmission rate up to 8-10 Mbit/s (and 20 Mbit/s for MIMO systems) over a 5MHz bandwidth. Advantages of 3.5G Technology:1-Enables faster data transmission. 2-support the video call service which allows the caller and the recipient face to face each other. Disadvantageof3.5G Technology: 1-More expensive.2-Requires huge investment.

  24. The 3.75th Generation Technology (3.75G) The 3.75G refers to the High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).HSUPA is a UMTS WCDMA uplink evolution technology. HSUPA enhances advanced person-to-person data applications with higher and symmetric data rates, like mobile e-mail and real-time person-to-person gaming. HSUPA will initially boost the UMTS / WCDMA uplink up to 1.4Mbps and in later releases up to 5.8Mbps.

  25. Introduction to LTE and It’s Unique technologies. Mohamed Hussien & Amr Mohamed

  26. What is LTE?? • LTE is acronym for “long term evolution of UMTS “. • In order to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond, concepts for UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) have been introduced in 3GPP release 8. • Can be considered the real 3.9G & invited to join the 4G family.

  27. LTE Design targets • Scalable BW: 1.4, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 MHz. • Peak data rate: • Downlink (2 Ch MIMO) peak rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz channel • Uplink (single Ch Tx) peak rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz channel • Supported antenna configurations: • Downlink: 4x4,4x2, 2x2, 1x2, 1x1 • Uplink: 1x2, 1x1 • Duplexing modes: FDD and TDD • Number of active mobile terminals: • LTE should support at least 200 mobile terminals in the active state when operating in 5 MHz. • In wider allocations than 5 MHz, at least 400 terminals should be supported

  28. LTE Design targets (Cont.) • Spectrum efficiency • Downlink: 3 to 4 x HSDPA Rel. 65bits/s/Hz • Uplink: 2 to 3 x HSUPA Rel. 62.5bits/s/hz • Mobility • Optimized for low speeds (<15 km/hr) • High performance at speeds up to 120 km/hr • Maintain link at speeds up to 350 km/hr • Coverage • Full performance up to 5 km • Slight degradation 5 km – 30 km

  29. Introduction to LTE key Technologies To Reach for this targets we want to improve the 3G system THE IMPORTANT KEY TECHNOLOGY TO REACH FOR THIS TARGETS: (1) OFDM AND OFDMA: - • The problem that made us think about this. • What does OFDM and OFDMA mean ? • How we send them orthogonal ? • What is cyclic prefix ? • Draw backs of OFDMA.

  30. LTE key Technologies (cont.) A. The problem that made us think about this. For Multipath signals, the (rake receiver) performance degraded. Signals will be sent in Parallel like (FDM), but the low spectral B.W efficiency decreases due to Guard Period.

  31. LTE key Technologies (cont.) A. What does OFDM and OFDMA mean ? • OFDM stands for (Orthogonal frequency division multiple) • OFDMA stands for(Orthogonal frequency division multiple access) • OFDM system break the available BW into many narrow sub carrier and transmit the data in parallel streams and orthogonal.

  32. LTE key Technologies (cont.) C. How we send them orthogonal ? Orthogonal means that the peak of signal at the null of the other Signal like the picture below, we can implement it by IFFT at transmitter and FFT at receiver.

  33. LTE key Technologies (cont.) D. What is cyclic prefix ? It is the solution for ICI problem Cyclic prefix insertion

  34. LTE key Technologies (cont.) E. Draw backs of OFDMA. 1. High PAPR. 2. Sensitivity to carrier frequency Offset. So OFDM used only in DL..

  35. LTE key Technologies (cont.) OFDM Transmitter and Receiver

  36. LTE key Technologies (cont.) (2) SC-FDMA:- • LTE uplink requirements differ from downlink requirements. • power consumption is a key consideration for UE terminals. • The high PAPR and related loss of efficiency associated with OFDM signaling are major concerns. • As a result, an alternative to OFDM was sought for use in the LTE uplink.

  37. LTE key Technologies (cont.) (3) DIVERSITY: - Is a technique that combats the fading by ensuring that there will be many copies of the transmitted signal effected with different fading over time, frequency or space.

  38. LTE key Technologies (cont.) 1.Time diversity: We averaging the fading of the channel over time by using : • The channel coding and interleaving. • Or sending the data at different times. 2.Frequency diversity: This type of diversity used for the frequency selective channels as we will averaging the fading over the frequency by using: • Multi-carrier technique like OFDM. • FHSS (frequency hope spread spectrum). • DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum).

  39. LTE key Technologies (cont.) 3.Spatial diversity: We will have many copies of the transmitted signal effects with different fading over the space . we use multi-antenna systems at the transmitter or the receiver or at both of them.

  40. LTE key Technologies (cont.) 4.SPACE DIVERSITY COMBINING TECHNIQUES:

  41. LTE key Technologies (cont.) Selection combining Maximal ratio combining Threshold combining Equal gain combining

  42. LTE key Technologies (cont.) (4) MIMO techniques in mobile communications : - We have three goals : • increasing the bit rate by the meaning of spatial multiplexing . • increasing the immunity to channel effect by the meaning of transmit diversity. • improving the signal directivity by the meaning of beam forming.

  43. LTE key Technologies (cont.) • Spatial multiplexing. • Transmit diversity..

  44. LTE key Technologies (cont.) 3. Beam Forming.

  45. LTE key Technologies (cont.) (5) CHANNEL CODING: - Error Correction And Detection 1.Automatic repeat request (ARQ) 2.Forward error correction (FEC) 3.Hybrid ARQ (H-ARQ) 4.In LTE used (Hybrid ARQ With Soft Combining) as figure below

  46. Dimensioning and Planning of LTE Network AmrTalaatAttia

  47. Dimensioning and Planning of LTE Network Introduction • Basic Concept • Math Equations • technique

  48. Dimensioning and Planning of LTE Network (cont.) Limitations: • MIMO Antenna • Outer Loop Power CONTROL • QOS Assumptions: • It is a Calculations for coverage and capacity

  49. Dimensioning and Planning of LTE Network (cont.) The following terms are used in describing capacity and coverage dimensioning and planning: • Average user bitrate • Cell edge • Cell Throughput • Coverage (area): • Resource Block

  50. Dimensioning and Planning of LTE Network (cont.) Dimensioning of LTE NetworkWhat The purpose of dimensioning ?It’s location in planning process . • Wireless Cellular Network Dimensioning

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