Chapter 2 Asbestos-Containing Materials

1. Asbestos NESHAP Inspection and Safety Procedures Course Chapter 2 Asbestos-Containing Materials Version 2012.1

2. Topics • Brief discussion of historical asbestos use • What is asbestos?

3. History of Asbestos Use • Asbestos has been used for thousands of years • Principal use was in woven materials until the 1800s • 1850s – First commercial production • 1870s – Large deposits discovered in Canada • 1940s – 1970s – Greatest use in U.S.

4. History of Asbestos Use(Cont.) • More than 3,000 products have contained asbestos • Asbestos products are still legally used • Major ongoing challenges in managing asbestos • Naturally occurring sources • Workplace

5. Geological Information • What is asbestos? • A naturally occurring fibrous mineral • 6 varieties of asbestos currently regulated

6. Varieties of Asbestos ASBESTOS Serpentine Group Amphibole Group Serpentine (Chrysotile) Cummingtonite-Grunerite (Amosite) Riebeckite (Crocidolite) Anthophyllite Actinolite-Tremolite

7. Commonly Used Asbestos Products • Most commonly used ACM products in the US currently: • Roofing materials (mainly flashing & cements) • Gaskets • Friction products

8. Other marketed asbestos products • Asbestos-cement products • Asbestos clothing • Pipeline wrap (typically asphaltic) • Flooring materials • Caulks/putties/mastics (glues) • On rare occasions banned materials like pipe insulation are imported and installed

9. Asbestos Origin and Uses

10. Where is Asbestos Found? • Naturally occurring fibrous mineral • Mined from the ground like coal or iron ore • Was once mined all over the world, including the US, Australia, Canada, China, South Africa, and the former USSR • No longer mined in the US • Still mined in Canada, China, and a number African countries

11. Asbestos Mine – Canada Asbestos Milling Plant

12. Use of Asbestos • Civilizations have found many uses for asbestos since early history • Manufacturing of asbestos containing products still occurs in many parts of the world Ancient oil lamp

13. Demolition & Renovation Regulation of asbestos began in the early 1970s

14. Manual Renovation & Demolition

15. Asbestos Types • Chrysotile - most common - white • Amosite - less common - brown • Crocidolite - rare - blue • Other types - remolite, actinolite, anthophyllite are sometimes found as contaminants with other minerals such as talc and vermiculite

16. Chrysotile Asbestos White Asbestos

17. Amosite Fibers Brown Asbestos

18. Crocidolite Fibers Blue Asbestos

19. Vermiculite – Libby, Montana Tremolite Fibers Winchite/Richterite Source: U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Denver, Colorado.

20. Asbestos Material Categories • Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) >1% • Surfacing Materials (SM) such as fireproofing or decorative textured ceilings • Thermal System Insulation (TSI) such as pipe and boiler insulation • Miscellaneous (Misc.)

21. Misc. Asbestos Materials • Floor tile and mastics • Ceiling tiles • Roofing materials like shingles and tar • Wallboard joint compound • Gaskets and valve packing materials • Cement asbestos products including Transite

22. Friable ACM • Material that, when dry, may be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by hand pressure • Includes damaged non-friable material or non-friable material that is not kept substantially intact (OSHA)

23. Very friable ACM Non-intact

24. Floor tile is considered non-friable. But when damaged like you see in the picture it can be very friable and release asbestos.

25. Asbestos is a concern when it becomes airborne. Fibers do not just “jump off” materials that contain asbestos. They get into the air when ACM or ACM debris is disturbed. They may then be breathed or swallowed.

26. Surfacing material (SM) • Material that is spray- or trowel-applied, generally to ceilings and structural steel

28. Surfacing material (fireproofing) Friable

29. Soundproofing on a gym ceiling

30. Significant damage on a high school gym ceiling

31. ACM Acoustical Textured Ceilingin Good Condition

32. Modern non-ACM fireproofing looks much like ACM. Looks can be deceiving!

33. Thermal System Insulation (TSI) • Insulation materials on systems such as: • boilers/steam delivery • chilled water • condensate returns • ductwork

34. If undamaged.. EPA and OSHA allow TSI to be managed in place Undamaged TSI

35. Badly damaged TSI

36. “Air Cell” Insulation – This is NOT cardboard

37. TSI in abandoned structure

39. Miscellaneous Materials • A broad spectrum of ACM’s that do not fall into the categories of surfacing materials or thermal system insulation.

40. Resilient Floor Coverings (RFC) Floor Tiles, Linoleums, and Associated Mastics

41. Resilient Floor Coverings (RFC) Floor Tiles, Linoleums, and Associated Mastics

42. Wallboard Joint Compound

43. USEPA - DENVER

44. Asbestos Cement Board The most commonly produced ACM worldwide today.

45. Exterior asbestos panels

46. Asbestos cement pipe in good condition. Non-friable. Also a very commonly produced ACM worldwide.

47. Damaged asbestos cement pipe is considered friable!

48. Some ceiling tiles contain asbestos, but this is not common.

49. Roofing Materials Roofing materials (flashing, cements, felts, and coatings) may STILL contain asbestos materials in new construction

50. Questions?