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HW # 63- Karyotyping project with your group

Week 19, Day Four. HW # 63- Karyotyping project with your group (in Google Docs). Watch meiosis video Warm up What can scientists really tell about you by looking at your DNA?. Warm up Response . -…. Homework Response/Check.

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HW # 63- Karyotyping project with your group

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  1. Week 19, Day Four HW # 63- Karyotyping project with your group (in Google Docs). Watch meiosis video Warm up What can scientists really tell about you by looking at your DNA?

  2. Warm up Response -…

  3. Homework Response/Check Did you complete the questions at the end of yesterday’s lab? Self sign off.

  4. Goals for Today • Format Karyotyping Document • 5 minutes to revise your Mitosis quiz • Chromosomes,Genes, Alleles

  5. Instructions for the karyotyping homework: Select a SINGLE group member to log into GoogleDocs Make a COPY the Karyotyping homework RENAME: YOUR character_period Share the copy (editing) with your other group members AND with me Sam Stubs-1 Norma Nanny-2 Captain Relish-3 Glen Glendora-4 Fred Fleckstone-5 Theresa Thyme-6 VIDEOS IF TIME 1 What Are Genes? (5 min)

  6. So how does it all fit into the nucleus? Our DNA is very long ?

  7. It is stored in chromosomes

  8. Here is a picture of a pair of pig chromosomes. We can see them because they have been made to fluoresce.

  9. Pigs have 19 chromosome pairs in total This is a picture of a male pig’s full set of chromosomes

  10. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in total Here are some human chromosomes inside a cell, which have also been made to fluoresce

  11. Different bits of the chromosomes do different things. l ] These different bits are called genes.

  12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  13. Gene • A gene is the functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. • Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.

  14. Genome • A genome is all the DNA contained in an organism or a cell, which includes the chromosomes plus the DNA in mitochondria (and DNA in the chloroplasts of plant cells). • humans have estimated 30-35,000 genes • other 98% of DNA noncoding – “junk” or regulatory

  15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  16. We have 2 copies of every gene, we get one copy from our dad and the other from our mum.

  17. Different genes tell us different things, like what colorhair to have, what coloreyes to have & whether to be left or right handed.

  18. Genes are very particular, like phone numbers - if you get a number wrong they won’t work!

  19. Fill in the blanks using the words at the bottom: errors ______ are the basic building blocks for life. Inside each ______ is one ______ . Our ______ is stored in the nucleus. Our DNA is very ______ so it is stored in ______. Different bits of chromosomes are called ______. Different genes tell our bodies ______ things . We have ______ copies of every gene. ______ in our genes cause problems. different two DNA nucleus cells chromosomes cell genes long

  20. Traffic light • I understand that cells are the basic building blocks for all living things • I can relate DNA to genes and chromosomes • Are you red, amber or green?

  21. Chromosomes and Heredity • Heredity = transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring • karyotype = chart of chromosomes at metaphase • 23 pairs homologous chromosomes in somatic cells (diploid number of chromosomes) • 1 chromosome inherited from each parent • 22 pairs called autosomes • one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y) • normal female has 2 X chromosomes • normal male has one X and one Y chromosome • Sperm and egg (GAMETES) contain only 23 chromosomes • fertilized egg has diploid number of chromosomes

  22. 2 Basic Things Can Happen Which DNA • The ENTIRE DNA MOLECULE can Replicate: Then You have 2 from 1 (DNA REPLICATION---Leads to MITOSIS ..one cell goes to two cells. OR 2. Selected sections of the DNA strand(genes) can be expressed (transcribed and into mRNA and Translated into proteins)

  23. Instructions for the karyotyping homework: Select a SINGLE group member to log into GoogleDocs Make a COPY the Karyotyping homework RENAME: YOUR character_period Share the copy (editing) with your other group members AND with me VIDEOS IF TIME 1 What Are Genes? (5 min)

  24. Complementary Base Pairing Segment of DNA • Nitrogenous bases united by hydrogen bonds • DNA base pairings • A-T and C-G • Law of complementary base pairing • one strand determines base sequence of other

  25. Chromosomes • A chromosome is one of the threadlike "packages" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a cell. • Different kinds of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 in all: 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes. • Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair, so children get half of their chromosomes from their mothers and half from their fathers.

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