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The Plant World and Genetic Engineering

The Plant World and Genetic Engineering. Part I Transgenic Plants. Jana Klose, Greg Lampard UBC Biotechnology Laboratory. What Is Biotechnology?. Harnessing the natural biological processes of living systems for the benefit of mankind. Biotechnology in the past

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The Plant World and Genetic Engineering

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  1. The Plant World and Genetic Engineering Part I Transgenic Plants Jana Klose, Greg Lampard UBC Biotechnology Laboratory

  2. What Is Biotechnology? • Harnessing the natural biological processes of living systems for the benefit of mankind • Biotechnology in the past • making bread and cheese, brewing beer • crossbreeding plants • Modern biotechnology • genetic engineering

  3. Why do scientists want to change gene instructions? • to produce needed chemicals • to carry out useful processes • to give an organism desired characteristics Genetic Engineering • The process of manipulating and transferring instructions carried by genes from one cell to another

  4. DNA IS EVERYWHERE

  5. DNA gene DNA and Genes • Genes= the coding system for instructions • A gene= is a segment of DNA Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) bases

  6. transcription mRNA protein trait Gene (a piece of DNA) translation Genes and Proteins

  7. Restriction enzymes As biological scissors

  8. Transgenic Plants • the product of plant genetic engineering Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Genetically Engineered Organism (GEO) • the label for transgenic plants Plant Genetic Engineering

  9. Cell Plant cell A single gene Extracted DNA Transformation Cell division Transgenic plant Plant Genetic Engineering Process

  10. How are Transgenic Plants Produced? • Agrobacterium tumefaciens • Gene Gun / Biolistics • Electroporation Commonly Used Methods:

  11. Agrobacterium Plant cell Genomic DNA (carries the gene of interest) Genomic DNA Restriction enzyme A Ti plasmid Restriction enzyme A + Gene of interest Empty plasmid Ti plasmid with the gene of interest Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  12. Ti plasmid with the new gene cell’s DNA + Transformation The new gene Agrobacterium Plant cell Transgenic plant Cell division Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  13. Cell’s DNA DNA coated golden particles Gene gun Plant cell A plant cell with the new gene Cell division Transgenic plant “Gene Gun” Technique

  14. Plant cell Duracell Protoplast The plant cell with the new gene DNA inside the plant cell DNA containing the gene of interest Electroporation Technique Power supply

  15. Next Generation of Transgenic Crops • Plant-based vaccines • Enhanced nutritional content • Functional foods and phytoceuticals • Transgenic plants for phytoremediation • Plant-derived plastics and polymers

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