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Influenza

Influenza. ARIAtlas.org. Most developing countries lack the ability to diagnose and report influenza. Source: ARIAtlas.org , World Lung Foundation 2010. Global Impact.

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Influenza

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  1. Influenza ARIAtlas.org

  2. Most developing countries lack the ability to diagnose and report influenza. Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  3. Global Impact • Worldwide, three to five million severe influenza infections occur annually, killing between 250,000 and 500,000 people. While influenza is a burden everywhere, it tends to be overlooked in developing countries, where inadequate laboratory facilities impede diagnoses, and other health challenges compete for attention.

  4. Global Impact • Vaccines are the most effective strategy available for preventing influenza, but the wealthier nations dominate production, and worldwide capacity is limited to 900 million doses. • Many influenza viruses are resistant to antiviral therapies, and those that remain effective are not being manufactured in adequate volume.

  5. Structure of an Influenza Virus Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  6. Actions That Make a Difference • Rigorous surveillance can send an early warning signal about the emergence of new viral strains, providing a window of opportunity for control. Effective surveillance requires adequate resources and international cooperation. • Research is needed on more efficient ways to manufacture vaccines, distribution systems to poor countries should be strengthened, and more equitable access to a limited vaccine supply is essential.

  7. Actions That Make a Difference • Public education about hand-washing techniques, cough and sneeze safeguards, and limiting social contact are essential to curbing the spread of flu. In health care settings, compliance with proper infection control procedures is also crucial, so that infections do not spread from patient to health care workerto patient. • In severe epidemics, it may become necessary to use public policies that restrict public interaction and minimize the spread of infection.

  8. Actions That Make a Difference • New antiviral therapies are needed to counter growing drug resistance. For example, oseltamivir (Tamiflu) has largely lost its value against a seasonal form of H1N1. Tamiflu remains effective against the pandemic strain of H1N1 that arose in 2009, but production capacity should be increased from the 220 million doses currently available around the world.

  9. Antigenic Drift and Shift Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  10. Human influenza pandemics are inevitable, but unpredictable, in the extent of the death they cause. Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  11. Avian Flu Watch: Will H5N1 cause the next epidemic? Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  12. As many as one billion people are at high risk for severe influenza outcomes, yet the world’s total vaccine production capacity is only 900 million doses. Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

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