1 / 8

Organic Reactions

Organic Reactions. PATHWAYS. Example. P roduce propyl ethanoate from propene and ethene : CH 3 -CH=CH 2 + H 2 O  CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 OH ( addition reaction) Propene water propan-1-ol CH 2 =CH 2 + H 2 O  CH 3 -CH 2 OH (addition reaction)

ima
Télécharger la présentation

Organic Reactions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organic Reactions PATHWAYS

  2. Example • Produce propyl ethanoate from propene and ethene: • CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2-CH2OH(addition reaction) Propene water propan-1-ol • CH2=CH2+ H2O  CH3-CH2OH (addition reaction) Ethene water ethanol • CH3-CH2OH+ [O]  CH3-CHO + [O] CH3-COOH (oxidation of a 1º alcohol) Ethanol (O from K2Cr2O7) ethanalethanoicacid • CH3-CH2-CH2OH+ CH3-COOHCH3-CH2-CH2-O-CO-CH3 (esterification reaction) propan-1-olethanoic acid propyl ethanoate

  3. Reaction pathways • Series of steps to convert one organic compound into a different organic product • Putting together a reaction pathway is a lot like doing a puzzle • Start with given materials and determine what the final product should be • Figure out how to use starting materials to create final product

  4. Summary of substitution reactions • Alkanes convert to halogenoalkanes via a substitution reaction • A Hydrogen in alkane replaced with halogen atom from a halogen molecule • Uses exposure to UV light • Halogenoalkanesconvert to alcohols via a nucleophilic substitution reaction • Halogen in the halogenoalkane is replaced with an OH group via an SN1 or SN2 mechanism

  5. Summary of Addition reactions • Alkenesconvert to alcohols via addition reaction • Water added across double bond in presence of an acid catalyst (like sulfuric acid) • Alkenesconvert to alkanes via addition reaction • Hydrogen gas added across double bond in presence of nickel catalyst • Alkenesconvert to halogenoalkanesvia addition reaction • Halogen added across double bond

  6. Summary of oxidation reactions • 1º alcohols convert to aldehydes via oxidation RXN • Acidified potassium dichromate (H+/K2Cr2O7) added to alcohol and heated • As aldehyde produced, removed via distillation • Aldehydesconvert to carboxylic acids via a 2ndoxd. • Aldehydes produced via oxidation of 1º alcohols can be “refluxed” with H+/K2Cr2O7to yield the carboxylic acid • 2ºalcohols convert to ketones via an oxidation reaction • H+/K2Cr2O7 added to alcohol and heated

  7. condensation and elimination reactions • Alcoholscombined with carboxylic acids to form esters via a condensation reaction • Water is removed in the presence of an acid catalyst • Halogenoalkanesconvert to alkenes via elimination reaction • Halogenoalkane added to a concentrated solution of hydroxide ions in ethanol at a high temperature

  8. Page 287

More Related