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Using and Configuring Storage Devices

Using and Configuring Storage Devices. Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition. Objectives. After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to: Understand basic disk drive interface technologies Compare the different types of CD-ROM and DVD storage

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Using and Configuring Storage Devices

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  1. Using and Configuring Storage Devices Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

  2. Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to: • Understand basic disk drive interface technologies • Compare the different types of CD-ROM and DVD storage • Explain the differences between a storage area network (SAN) and network attached storage (NAS) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  3. Objectives (continued) • Discuss various removable storage options • Describe tape drive options and their advantages and disadvantages • Briefly discuss storage management options in different operating systems Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  4. Disk Storage Options • Briefly discuss various storage technologies • Most computers arrive with; • 3.5-inch floppy drive • high-density floppy or Zip disk • hard drive • CD-ROM or DVD drive Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  5. Hard Drive Interfaces • Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) • most popular hard drive interface Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  6. Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) • Master • the first or main drive • Slave • secondary storage device Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  7. Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) • Three 40-pin header connectors • Enhanced IDE (EIDE) • transfer speeds as high as 22 megabits per second • Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) • fast interface • 8 to 16 devices Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  8. Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  9. Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) • Platters, heads, tracks, and sectors per track vary widely from hard disk to hard disk • EIDE and SCSI provide ways for the controllers to communicate with the disk Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  10. Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) • Disk geometry • information about the hard disk • configuration • Storage capacity • few megabytes to several gigabytes Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  11. Basic and Dynamic Disks • Basic disk • physical hard drive • primary partitions, extended partitions, or logical drives • Dynamic Disks • volumes that span multiple disks • fault tolerant disks Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  12. RAID Arrays • Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives (RAID) • RAID arrays • increased reliability • increased storage capacity • increased speed Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  13. RAID Arrays (continued) • Different levels of RAID focus on different purposes • RAID is implemented as a combination of hardware and software Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  14. CD-ROM and DVD • Optical rather than magnetic technology • compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) • digital versatile disc (DVD) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  15. Compact Disk (CD) Technology • Use a big “spiral” that starts at the inside of the disk and winds itself to the outside of the disc Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  16. Compact Disk (CD) Technology (continued) • Rotated by a precision motor that keeps the disc speed constant • Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) • bits encoded in it as other disks do • error correction bits encoded on the disc Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  17. Digital Video Disc (DVD) Technology • Works like the CD-ROM • Two sides with up to two layers per side • Laser light is reflected • DVD has a spiral that moves from the middle of the disk to the outside like a conventional CD-ROM, but also has a second layer Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  18. Recordable and Rewritable CD and DVD • CD-R and DVD-R • record data once on the media, and then it can be read many times • R stands for recordable • CD-RW and DVD-RW can • write on the media thousands of times • RW stands for rewritable Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  19. Recordable and Rewritable CD and DVD (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  20. CD-ROM and DVD-ROM Interfaces • Connected using a hard disk interface • EIDE interface with SCSI as a close second • Drivers for CD-ROM and DVD-ROM built in Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  21. Connecting Drives • Connect as hard disks • EIDE or SCSI • USB • FireWire • Make sure you have the drivers Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  22. Network Storage • Storage Area Networks (SANs) for • backups • disaster recovery • availability of data • SANs connect servers and storage systems without sending data over the corporate network • Use Fibre Channel fabric Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  23. Network Storage (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  24. Network Storage (continued) • Network Attached Storage (NAS) for • directly attach to a local area network • work with multiple operating systems • use LAN rather than a Fibre Channel Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  25. Network Storage (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  26. Removable Disks and Mobile Storage • Removable disks are hard disks with a twist • The first group of drives are those that use flexible magnetic disks such as Zip disks • The second group consists of drives that use hard platters such as Castlewood’s ORB drives Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  27. Removable Large-Capacity Floppy Drives • The Zip drive is addressed like a hard disk • storage capacity of 100 or 750 MB • external and internal varieties with printer port, SCSI, EIDE, or USB connections Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  28. Removable Rigid Cartridges • Castlewood Systems, Inc. makes the ORB 2.2 GB and the ORB 5.7 GB drives • The ORB drives come in • EIDE, SCSI, USB, and FireWire models Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  29. Mini USB Drives • Mini or thumb drives • use USB port • Plug and Play • 64 MB to 1 GB • Table 6-2 shows storage devices and capacities Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  30. Mini USB Drives (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  31. Tape drives • Used to back up large volumes of data • Popular for long term storage • Tape media capacities: Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  32. DAT Drives • Digital Audio Tape drives • use 4-mm tapes • digital data storage (DDS) tapes • DDS-4 capacity 20 Gb (40 Gb compressed) • backward compatible with other DDS tapes Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  33. DLT and SDLT Drives • Digital Linear Tape drives • use half-inch wide tapes • 128 to 208 tracks • DLT-III tapes are 10 GB (20 GB compressed) • used in automated tape backup systems Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  34. DLT and SDLT Drives (continued) • Super Digital Linear Tape drives • magnetic and optical recording methods • 160 Gb (320 Gb compressed) • up to 640 Mb (1.28 Tb compressed) • 1.2 Tb (2.4 Tb compressed) to be released in 2006 or 2007 Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  35. AIT and S-AIT Drives • Advanced Intelligent Tape or Super Advanced Intelligent Tape drives • erasable memory chip in cartridge • 35/90 Gb to 500 Gb/1.3 TB • good for 500,000 hours of operation Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  36. LTO Drives • Linear Tape Open drives • high-end server market • 100 Gb cartridge with 16 Mbps transfer rate • 1.6 Tb with 320 Mbps transfer rate planned for future Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  37. Windows Removable Storage Options • Introduced in Windows 2000 • Tracks tapes, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, optical disks • Figure 6-6 shows the Removable Storage section under Computer Management in Windows 2000 Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  38. Windows Removable Storage Options (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  39. Storage Management Tools • OS tools and commands to manage storage devices • See the Hands-on Projects for step-by-step instructions Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  40. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 • Use Windows Disk Management snap-in tool • view and manage hard disks • see Figure 6-7 Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  41. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  42. UNIX/Linux • Managing, formatting, and partitioning disks • fdisk • format • sfdisk • cfdisk Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  43. UNIX/Linux (continued) • Mount a file system • mount • User Mount Tool Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  44. UNIX/Linux (continued) • GNOME-based Hardware Browser Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  45. NetWare 6.x • Novell Storage Services (NSS) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  46. Mac OS X • Disk Utility • repair the disk using the First Aid option • erase the contents • partition and format the disk • set up RAID • restore a disk image or volume Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  47. Mac OS X (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  48. Summary • Conceptual overview of how operating systems interface with storage devices • Storage technologies such as hard disk drives, RAID arrays, CD-ROMs, and DVD drives • Removable storage devices such as Zip disk and ORB drivers Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  49. Summary (continued) • Storage are networks (SANS) and network attached storage (NAS) • Tape drive options such as DAT, DLT SDLT AIT, S-AIT, and LTO drives Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

  50. Summary (continued) • Storage management tools • disk management • disk defragmenter • event viewer • Performance Logs and Alerts Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

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