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The 2008 SNA implementation strategy

The 2008 SNA implementation strategy. Clementina Ivan-Ungureanu Training: Essential SNA: Building the basics Addis Ababa, 13-16 February 2012. The 2008 SNA implementation strategy.

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The 2008 SNA implementation strategy

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  1. The 2008 SNA implementation strategy Clementina Ivan-Ungureanu Training: Essential SNA: Building the basics Addis Ababa, 13-16 February 2012

  2. The 2008 SNA implementation strategy • The ways of implementing the system vary greatly and depend on the general strategy adopted for the statistical system. • The SNA implementation strategy is part of the overall strategy of the statistical system

  3. Phases • Phase A: Aims and objectives • Phase B: Organization • Phase C: Compilation • Phase D: Dissemination

  4. Phase A: Aims and objectives The decision on whether to implement the SNA is based on: – Availability of data sources supporting its implementation. - Institutional capacity of the unit in charge of implementing the SNA; – Needs of national and international users for national accounts indicators

  5. Phase A: Aims and objectives (cont) The targets can refer to the six ‘milestones’ adopted by the UN Statistical Commission and the MRDS

  6. Guidelines ISWGNA developed a set of six milestones to assess the scope of accounts that are compiled by countries. These milestones were later supplemented by three data sets describing • minimum set of accounts that need to be compiled; • a recommended set of accounts; • and a desired set of accounts.

  7. Phase A: Aims and objectives (cont) Possible objectives a. Estimating GDP by expenditure and production approaches, by industry; The main results are: – GDP in current and constant prices by production and expenditure side – P, IC and GVA by industry. Corresponds to milestone 1 and allows the country to meet part of the MRDS (Tables 101, 102, 201, 202)

  8. Phase A: Aims and objectives(cont) b. ROW accounts- MRDS table T402 c. GNI and other primary indicators such as: compensation of employees, mixed income, taxes on production; d. Employment by industry e. SUTs and production and generation of income account by institutional sector; f. Full sequence of accounts for institutional sectors; estimating accounts for the rest of the world; g. Financial accounts for institutional sectors; h. Balance sheets

  9. Phase A: Aims and objectives (cont) Factors for deciding objectives: - statistical capacity for providing the data sources for NA; - the human resources (number and level of knowledge) • possibility to use administrative data • structure of the economy, especially the extent of the informal sector and the ability of data sources. • Generally, implementation of SNA starts with the compilation of GDP by production and expenditure approaches

  10. Phase B: Organization 1.Institutional context 2. Organizational aspect • NA Department • Human resources • Data collection

  11. Phase B: Organization1.Institutional context Institution in charge of implementing and developing national accounts. • In a large percentage of countries, the national accounts are the responsibility of the national statistical office.

  12. Phase B: Organization-2. Organizational aspect Conditions for SNA implementation refers to: • organization of the NAD • mobilizing and developing human resources • cooperation within the statistical office • cooperation with other administrative institutions • tasks for NA compilation (for example government accounts by the MoF )

  13. Phase B: Organization-NAD Implementation of national accounts requires: • Existence of basic conditions: SBR and classifications • Main statistics: economic statistics, household statistics, prices, etc.; • Coordination and cooperation between different departments in NSI • Cooperation with other administrative institutions in order to access the data required for compiling national accounts.

  14. Phase B: Organization- NAD(cont) Typical tasks of a NAD are: • Collecting statistical and administrative data sources; • Translating the statistical and administrative data sources into concepts of national accounts. - Elaborating national accounts indicators; • Preparing publications and other documents for the dissemination of national accounts; • Making proposals and taking actions to improve data sources and compilation methods to meet SNA requirements

  15. Phase B: Organization-Human resources Profile: • A university education, wherever possible, in economics or statistics; • Work experience in different economic domains; • Ability to understand and apply the SNA methodology; • Good knowledge of economic legislation and economic phenomena in the country; • Good knowledge of the economic and social indicators existing in the statistical and administrative system. To obtain this high level of professional capability the staff • Should be permanently trained • Should be supported by the institution management

  16. Phase B: Organization-Human resources ( cont) Professional independence of national accountants for : • the definition of the system and its adaptation to the country; • the methods used for estimating national accounts; • the access to information, especially when it is protected (fiscal sources, defence information, etc.); • treatment and measurement of ‘special’ aspects of the economy, such as illegal activity (illegal labor, drug production, etc.) that are in fact the weak points of political power; • responsibility for the main indicators, such as GDP, economic growth rate or revenue distribution, especially when the values are different from government forecasts or expectations

  17. Phase B: Organization-Data collection The next step is to establish formal relationships for ensuring availability of the data for compiling national accounts. - Internal cooperation : industrial statistics, foreign trade, agriculture, demographics, education, health, prices, etc • External cooperation; administrative data

  18. Phase B: Organization-Data collection (cont) Access to data: • agreements, protocols or memorandums Content: • The data to be delivered; • The level of detail of the data (individual, aggregated, by region, etc.) • The frequency (monthly, yearly, etc.); • The data collection method (access to data base, electronic format, paper, etc.).

  19. Phase B: Organization-Data collection(cont)- Protocol • Legal framework: law / regulation on the organization and functioning of the each institution party in the protocol <Institution1> and <Institution2> agreed following: • The objective of the Protocol: main goal of the protocol • Duration Protocol • Obligations of partis: change of data, confidentiality • Notifications/Communication: Mentioned type of communication (written, by telephone, fax, email) • Annexes • description and structure of data files which are changed between parteners • working group responsabilities • nomenclatures • type of transmission, type of file, name of file • description of the File Structure • deadline for transmission

  20. Phase C: Compilation The main phases are: • Designing the central framework; • Identifying data sources; • Collecting data; • Translating data into national accounts concepts; • Elaborating estimates; • Data revision.

  21. Phase C: Compilation Designing the central framework The determination of the four classifications used in the system: • Product detail; • Economic activities; • Transactions, other flows and stocks; • Sectorization of the economy

  22. Phase C: CompilationIdentifying data sources • Statistical data sources (statistics on producer sales and production costs, on investment, on employment, wages and salaries, on household expenditures, on consumer prices, on producer prices and interest rates, on imports and exports, etc) • Administrative sources (government revenue and expenditure, financial statements of non-financial and financial units, balance of payments,etc.).

  23. Phase C: CompilationIdentifying data sources (cont) Lack of data Options: • to carry out a rough estimate of NA using poor data sources and indirect information, • to stop implementation of SNA implementation and development until the necessary data sources become available.

  24. Phase C: CompilationIdentifying data sources (cont) Actions: • Start estimating GDP even if the lack of information may affect the quality of the initial results • Ensure at the same time that the necessary data sources are developed. Propose and promote: – Improvement of the existing statistical data sources – Implementation of new statistical surveys that will provide the missing information; – Development of collaboration with administrative institutions to improve or develop their data sources.

  25. Phase C: CompilationCollecting data Main activities: • Agreements on data delivery: what data will be delivered, in what detail and with what frequency, when and in what format, etc.; • Checks on the data delivered: timeliness, detail and completeness; • Data storage in automated systems (spreadsheets or databases) for compiling national accounts; • Searches for other relevant quantitative and qualitative information, e.g. by reading specialized journals, newspaper articles and annual reports of various large companies, organizations, foundations, or by asking corporations, institutions and experts directly.

  26. Phase C: CompilationCollecting data (cont) Steps for the collection of data: • Decide what data is to be used for compiling national accounts; • Decide the level of detail of this data; • Decide how the data will be delivered to the national accounts department: on paper, in electronic format (CD-ROM, by email, etc.) or direct access to the databases of other departments; • Establish the deadline for receiving data.- national accountants dissemination calendar (some data before being published.

  27. Phase C: CompilationTranslating data into the NA concepts Translating statistical and administrative concepts to national accounts concepts is to be performed by national accountants themselves. Use a system of bridge tables at macro- economic levels, and specific adjustments called the intermediate system.

  28. Phase C: CompilationElaborating estimates Activities: • Checking data sources, with respect to: • evolution over time; • coverage • plausibility of values and volumes; • conceptual differences with NA concept • First estimates of national accounts indicators. • Second estimate -inclusion of additional or more complete data • Balancing procedures and reconciling data to identify data deficiencies and ensure consistency of results. • Final estimates

  29. Phase C: CompilationData revision Important revisions: 1. Routine revisions (or current revisions) 2. Benchmark revisions (or major regular revisions 3.Methodological revisions (or major occasional revisions)

  30. Phase C: CompilationData revision- example • T + 70 days: first complete GDP estimate and main national accounts aggregates on the basis of quarterly accounts; • T + 9 months: first complete annual accounts estimate of GDP and main national accounts aggregates;

  31. Phase C: Compilation Data revision- example • T + 21 months: first revision of annual accounts estimate of GDP and main national accounts aggregates; • T + 33 months: final revision of annual accounts estimate of GDP and main national accounts aggregates

  32. Phase C: Compilation Data revision- example Three methodological revisions conducted in Slovenia: • delimitation of market and non-market units together with improvement of institutional sectorisation, • introduction of new methodology for estimation of housing services of owner-occupiers, • estimation the consumption of fixed capital (including for public roads, bridges, etc.) by the perpetual inventory method for the general government sector, • improvements of GDP exhaustiveness adjustments and other improvements of methods • the change in the bookkeeping of financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM), which were allocated to the final users of these services. • measurement of volume changes at constant previous year prices was introduced. The results of this methodological revision were published for the whole 1995-2004 period.

  33. Developing IT tools for compiling national accounts • Store data for NA compilation • Use the worksheets to convert the intermediate data obtained from different sources and specific format to the NA format • Calculate appropriate NA aggregates • Check data compatibility • Tools for the final data reconciliation process, • Generate working tables - Store final estimates of national accounts and disseminated versions

  34. Developing IT tools for compiling national accounts(cont) • ERETES (Equilibres ressources emplois, Tableaux entrées sorties) • www.eretes.net

  35. Phase D: Dissemination Strategy answers to the questions • WHY • WHAT • HOW • TO WHOM • Dissemination is a permanent and never ending process.

  36. Phase D: Dissemination(cont) • WHY • Aims of dissemination activities: NSI prove its role in the society and provide the needed indicators

  37. Phase D: Dissemination(cont) • TO HOWM Target groups of dissemination User categories: • All levels of government; • International agencies; • The private sector; • Research institutions; • The public, including the media.

  38. Phase D: Dissemination(cont) Grouped into two categories with respect to the intensity of statistical use: • General Data Users: • Analysis Users:

  39. Phase D: Dissemination (cont) • Tools to identity the users and their needs: • By type of users : government, researchers, media, public (domestic and international) • The customer/user satisfaction survey is an important tool to detect user needs and profiles; • Database constructed in time with the needs of users; questionnaires attached to the publications or on web • Conferences, workshops

  40. Phase D: Dissemination(cont) • WHAT Some of the “things” we want to disseminate are at the same time tools of dissemination • Aggregated data • Detailed data • Time series • Metadata • Analysis

  41. Phase D: Dissemination(cont) • HOW The process of dissemination • Press releases, used in general by the media and the general public with the presentation of the main national accounts indicators, such GDP, its main components and growth rate. • Detailed information on national accounts usually presented in the Annual Yearbook of each country. • A special publication with time series of national accounts indicators, with detailed data, accompanied by metadata and sometimes by a short economic analysis based on these indicators. • Electronic dissemination, via web

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