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Heat & Temperature

This guide explores the essential concepts of phases of matter, heat, and temperature. We outline the three phases: solid, liquid, and gas, along with their molecular arrangements and properties. Learn about phase changes, what causes them, and how heat affects both temperature and matter. Discover the principles of heat transfer, including conduction, convection, and radiation. Additionally, we cover temperature measurement methods, including thermometers, and temperature scales such as Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.

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Heat & Temperature

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  1. Chapter Overview: • Phases of Matter • What are they? • What is effected by phase change – What is going on? • What causes phase change? Heat & Temperature

  2. Chapter Overview: cont. • Temperature • Measuring temperature • Thermometers • Temperature Scales • There are 3 • F, C, & K Heat & Temperature

  3. Chapter Overview: cont. • Heat • Heat Flow • 3 types • Conduction • Convection • Radiation • Phase Change • Evaporation & Condensation Heat & Temperature

  4. Phases of Matter • Solid, Liquid, & Gas • Molecular arrangements • Arrangements and strength of attraction between molecules Heat & Temperature

  5. Solid • Definite shape & volume • Formed by strong bonds • Space between molecules • Does not conform when placed in a container • Rock vs Play-do Heat & Temperature

  6. Liquids • Bonds are not as strong as a solid • Definite volume (how much space it occupy) but not a definite shape • Will conform to its container Heat & Temperature

  7. Gasses • Weak cohesive forces • Molecules are far apart • No fixed shape, no fixed volume Heat & Temperature

  8. Heat & Temperature Solid Liquid Gas

  9. Kinetic Molecule Theory • Matter generally expands with increased temperature and contracts with decreased temperature • Higher temperatures molecules are moving faster – therefore they move further apart = expansion • Lower temperatures molecules are moving slower – therefore less movement = contraction • St. Louis Arch Heat & Temperature

  10. Thermometer • Based on the expansion and contraction of a liquid or solid (metal) • Mercury • Alcohol • Bimetallic • Iron & brass Heat & Temperature

  11. Temperature scales • Fahrenheit • Boiling Pt. = 212 degrees • Freezing Pt. = 32 degrees • Absolute 0 = -459 degrees • Celsius (Centigrade) • Boiling Pt. = 100 degrees • Freezing Pt. = 0 degrees • Absolute 0 = -273 degrees • Kelvin • Boiling Pt. = 373 degrees • Freezing Pt. = 273 degrees • Absolute 0 = 0 degrees Heat & Temperature

  12. Relationship between F & C Heat & Temperature

  13. Heat • The movement of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference • Measures of heat • Calorie • Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C • BTU (British thermal unit) • Energy needed to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F • Heat Flow • Conduction • Table 4.3 • Convection • Radiation Heat & Temperature

  14. Condensation & Evaporation • To increase evaporation • Increase temp of liquid • Increase surfacearea • Remove water vapor from near the surface – this prevents return of vapor to liquid state • Reduce atmospheric pressure Heat & Temperature

  15. Heat & Temperature

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