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Understanding Oxidation and Reduction: The Basics of Redox Reactions

This guide explores the concepts of oxidation and reduction, crucial for understanding electron transfer in chemical reactions. Learn the mnemonic "LEO says GER" to remember that losing electrons equals oxidation while gaining electrons equals reduction. We'll delve into oxidation states and rules, highlighting examples from single elements to polyatomic ions. Understand how oxidation numbers can vary, especially in transition metals, and discover how to calculate them in ionic and molecular compounds. Join us in uncovering the exciting world of redox chemistry!

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Understanding Oxidation and Reduction: The Basics of Redox Reactions

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  1. Oxidation and Reduction! Aka: Redox

  2. Oxidation and Reduction is the concept that helps us understand how/why elements gain/ lose electrons • An important Mnemonic is: • LEO says GER • Lose electrons= oxidation, Gain electrons = Reduction (OilRig…) idonlike

  3. Oxidation state/number • The oxidation number of an element is *kind of like the charge. • We have learned that certain elements always have “a” charge! • Well… Guess What!!!! (That’s a Bingo!!!) • Sometimes the charges of elements can change, and/or be different from what we expected. ( yes… that IS exciting!!!)

  4. Oxidation numbers of elements: Oxidation Rules: 1 - oxidation state of a free ( single) element (or diatomic molecule) is 0 Na0, Fe0, N20, etc. 2 - oxidation number of a monatomic cation is same as its charge ( group 1, 2 metals in particular!) +1, +2 3 – normal oxidation number of Hydrogen is +1 but… H -1 in metal hydrides NaH, MgH2,

  5. 4 – oxygen is usually -2, but in peroxides it is -1 Na2O, MgO, H2O, Na2O2, MgO2,H2O2, 5 – a lot of elements- especially transition metals and most of the non metals can have lots o’ different oxidation numbers And that sounds fascinating … doesn’t it? (yes!)

  6. *The sum of all oxidation numbers in a compound will = 0 , kinda like what we have been doing with ionic compounds ( examples!) And : NO, NO2,N2O5, etc…. The sum of all oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion will be the charge of the P.A. ion (examples)…

  7. Examples: Some, like transition metal ionic compounds you can do! Examples: Molecular compounds we have to figure out, based on rules. ( examples…) Polyatomic ions… we have to figure out based on rules… (examples)

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