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1. Chapter Objectives Section 1: The Southern Colonies • Describe the Southern economy and the plantation system.  • Outline the development of slavery in the South. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

2. Ch 3 Vocabulary Quiz • The voyage of slaves from Africa to America. • 19 Puritans were executed as a result of this. • “Life, liberty, and property” • George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were its leading revivalists. • Proposed the Social Contract Theory of government in his book The Two Treatises on Government • A person that contracted to work in America for a certain number of years in exchange for safe passage to America. • Religious revival of enthusiasm. • Tobacco, rice, and indigo. • The exchange of goods from Africa, Europe and the Americas. • The theory that a country’s status was dependent on how much gold and silver it accumulated. • This forced the English colonies to trade with England. • Colonists revolt against the state of Virginia over Indian attacks. • Movement in the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge, and reason.

3. The Southern Colonies

5. The Southern Economy • Based on growing cash crops • MD, VA, NC- tobacco • SC, GA- lowcountry- rice • 1740- Eliza Lucas Pinckney develops indigo • Cash crops require intensive manual labor • Large land area (plantations)

7. Indigo was used as a dye in ancient Rome and Egypt, but it did not become popular in Europe until the 1500s. Even though plantations in the colonies produced Indigo, the process used to extract Indigo dye was time-consuming and costly. As a result, the dye was a precious commodity. In the late 1800s, Adolph von Baeyer studied the chemical structure of indigo. His work resulted in the development of a synthetic indigo dye that is used today.

8. Indigo

9. Checking for Understanding (cont.) Explain why South Carolina began producing indigo. Indigo was in demand in Europe and it was a good companion crop to rice. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

10. The Labor Force • 1. Indians • Why doesn’t this work? • Lack of immunity and escape • 2. Indentured servants • Agree to work for 4-7 yrs. For them paying their way to America • Why doesn’t it work? • Become economic competitors • 3. Slaves

11. Making ContractsThe contract of an indentured servant was indented (folded) and town along the indenture. Each party to the contract kept half.

13. The Southern Economy(cont.) Why did Southern tobacco planters use indentured servants to work their fields? To be profitable, planters had to grow large quantities of tobacco; cultivating tobacco was very labor intensive and required many workers. (pages 84–86) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

14. Slavery in the Colonies(cont.) Why was slavery particularly entrenched in the Southern Colonies? There the work of enslaved Africans was essential to the plantation economy. (pages 89–90) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

15. Slavery in America • Est. 10-12 million imported to Americas between 1450-1870 • Brazil- 3.5 million • Spanish colonies- 1.5 million • Caribbean- 4 million (sugar plantations) • North America- 500,000 • Around 2 million die before they get here

16. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

17. The Slave Trade • 1. Captured in Africa (kidnapped) • 2. Sold into slavery (Don’t understand cannibals) • 3. Middle Passage- from Africa to America (100 days) • 10-40% die on ships • Thrown overboard • Shark boats

22. Slave Trade (cont’d) • Problems • Cramped quarters (600+) • Unsanitary conditions • Lack of oxygen • Chains • Some mutinies occur (Amistad)

23. Amazing Grace • Amazing Grace. How sweet the sound • That saved a wretch like me • I once was lost, but now am found • Was blind, but now I see • Twas grace that taught my heart to fear • And grace my fears releaved • How precious did that grace appear • The hour I first believed • Through my dangers, toils and snares • I have already come • Tis grace hath brought me safe thus far • And grace will lead me home • Former slave boat captain • John Newton

24. Capt. John Newton

25. Slave Trade (cont’d) • 4. Sold at auctions • More $ for the biggest and strongest • Separated from families

26. Sec 1 Review • What was the southern colonies’ economy based on? • Name the 3 cash crops grown in the southern colonies. • Who started growing indigo on a SC plantation? • List in order the 3 groups that were used as forced labor in America. • Why did the Indians not work? • Why did Indentured servants not work? • Who captured Africans to sell them into slavery? • What was the Middle Passage? • How long did it usually last? • Why did people refer to slave ships as shark boats? • Name some of the problems faced during the Middle Passage. • How were Africans sold in America? • What was one of the worst parts of the slave auction?

27. Southern Society (class system) • 1. Gentry • Wealthy plantation owners (planter elite) • Control economics and govt. • 2. Backcountry farmers (yeomen) • Small plots of land • Subsistence farming- grow enough to survive • Not much power • 3. Tenant Farmers- rent land and farm

28. Southern Society(cont.) What was the difference between the planter elite and backcountry farmers? The planter elite owned large plantations and used indentured and enslaved labor to work the vast areas of land. Backcountry farmers worked small plots of land and practiced subsistence farming. (pages 86–87) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

29. Southern Society (cont’d) • 4. Indentured servants • 5. Slaves • Most states have slave codes • Can’t own property • Can’t testify against whites • Movement regulated (with owner or written permission) • Can’t assemble in large groups

30. Bacon’s Rebellion • Virginians begin pushing towards the west • More conflicts with Indians • Gov. William Berkeley restricts the vote in VA to large landowners • Upsets backcountry and tenant farmers • VA won’t help with the Indians • 1676- Nathaniel Bacon raises an army to fight the Indians

32. Bacon’s Rebellion (cont’d) • Berkeley gathers an army against Bacon • Bacon attacks and burns Jamestown • Controls VA until he dies suddenly • Effects • Settlers will be upset with a govt. that supports only the wealthy • Poor colonist will not tolerate that kind of govt

33. Before Nathaniel Bacon’s sudden death, he burned the estates of his rivals and controlled most of Virginia.

34. Bacon’s Rebellion(cont.) What situation led to Bacon’s Rebellion? The refusal of Governor Berkeley to use military action against the Native Americans led to the conflict. Backcountry farmers wanted government support against the Native Americans, whose land they wanted. Bacon and a group of backcountry settlers organized their own militia to fight the Native Americans. Later, he seized power from the governor and battled for control of Jamestown. (pages 87–89) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

35. Why It Matters An agricultural society developed in the American colonies. In the South, a large number of Africans were enslaved for plantation labor. In the North, commerce took hold, and England’s trade policies proved cause for concern. High birth rates and immigration expanded the population as American society began to take shape.

36. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. A __ 1. a crop grown primarily for profit __ 2. wealthy landowners in the South, also called the planter elite __ 3. a set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people __ 4. a large, commercial, agricultural estate __ 5. the difficult journey slaves endured in crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas A. cash crop B. plantation C. gentry D. Middle Passage E. slave code C E B D Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.