Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division

1. Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division Cells eventually need to Reproduce. Mitosis is Asexual Cell Division in which Cells reproduce to form Identical Daughter Cells. In Multicellular Organisms, Mitosis occurs to Replace Cells relative to Healing or in Growth, etc… Very Precisely controlled to maintain Organization and Balance. Who Does IT! In Unicellular Organisms, this is Reproduction. Mitosis is used by these cells when they want to form identical Offspring Fast, or they are well adapted and Do Not Need to Change/Adapt. EASY!

2. Between Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division INTERPHASE The Cell is “Active” and Functional. It is either Growing (Stem Cells) or Doing ”its” “Job”. 4 The Cytoskeleton maintains Cell Shape Internally. But since the Cell Divides, it is Round and Simple! 1 Chromatin is loose and uncoiled (not visible) and ACTIVE. The Nucleus is Intact and Large. The Genes are available for Use! 5 2 The Nucleus is Present and has an obvious Nucleolus as it manufactures Ribosomes. The Cell is making Proteins = Working! You Should be able to Always Identify Interphase due to: 3

3. First Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division PROPHASE Many Things occur during Prophase as the Cell Prepares for actually Dividing. The Mitotic Spindle begins to Form. This is the Cytoskeleton and the Centrioles that have changed their Role from Cell Shape and Organization to Moving the Chromosomes. As such, Cells in Mitosis do not have defined Shapes = OFF! The DNA become Visible as CHROMOSOMES! These “Colored Bodies” are the same DNA as before, but Supercoiled and Condensed. This DNA is “OFF”. The Cell is inactive during Mitosis! Cells that Divide CANNOT PERFORM A JOB!

4. First Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division PROPHASE 1 The Mitotic Spindle forms a Cage-like structure that extends around the Chromosomes and then attaches to them at their Centromeres. 3 2 The Nucleus Disappears! This is necessary to allow the Chromosomes to Move. You Should be able to Always Identify Prophase due to:

5. Middle Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division METAPHASE Metaphase is EASY! The Chromosomes are Lined-Up! The Mitotic Spindle Pulls on the attached Chromosomes. Since both sides are exerting force, the chromosomes are pulled to the EQUATOR of the Cell and Lined-Up. You Should be able to Always Identify Metaphase due to:

6. Apart Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division ANAPHASE Anaphase is EASY! The Chromosomes are Pulled Apart! You Should be able to Always Identify Metaphase due to: The Identical Sister Chromatids are SEPARATED and then PULLED APART toward the POLES of the Cell.

7. End Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division TELOPHASE Telophase is the Final Phase! The Nuclei Reform as Separated with Complete suites of the DNA. The Mitotic Spindle disappears as the Cytoskeleton Mostly goes back to Cell Structure/Organization Roles. You Should be able to Always Identify Telophase due to: NOW, the separated Sister Chromatids are packed back into their Nuclei with identical copies of their DNA. The Nuclei Reform! EXCEPT for Splitting the Cytoplasm in Animal Cells. The Cytoskeleton forms the Cleavage Furrow that Separates the Cells = CYTOKINESIS!!

8. Mitosis – Asexual Cell Division THE END! What are they going to do NOW?! TWO IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS!! For Replacement and Growth – Equal Cells!!!