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Fortis and lenis – the inside story

Fortis and lenis – the inside story. AFFRICATES. FRICATIVES. PLOSIVES. fortis. lenis. FORTIS. LENIS. voicing. often voiced. unvoiced. length. shorter. longer. strength. stronger. weaker. not aspirated. may be aspirated. aspiration. not glottalized. may be glottalized.

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Fortis and lenis – the inside story

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  1. Fortis and lenis – the inside story

  2. AFFRICATES FRICATIVES PLOSIVES fortis lenis

  3. FORTIS LENIS • voicing often voiced unvoiced • length shorter longer • strength stronger weaker not aspirated may be aspirated • aspiration not glottalized may be glottalized • glottalization

  4. FORTIS LENIS • voicing often voiced unvoiced initial to do medial weighty lady final mate made initial sink zinc medial looser loser final price prize

  5. FORTIS LENIS • voicing often voiced unvoiced • Particular problems for Icelanders: • voicing of final plosives • rip – rib, rope – robe, wipe – vibe • mat – mad, mate – meid, rote – road • leak – league, lock – log, back – bag • batch – badge, rich – ridge

  6. FORTIS LENIS • length shorter longer initial to do medial weighty lady final mate made initial sink zinc medial looser loser final price prize

  7. FORTIS LENIS • length shorter longer • Note: there are no long consonants in English as there are in Icelandic • Compare: • rubber – labour • laddy – lady • eager – bigger

  8. FORTIS LENIS • strength weaker stronger initial to do medial weighty lady final mate made initial sink zinc medial looser loser final price prize

  9. FORTIS LENIS • aspiration not aspirated may be aspirated piebuy tie die cave gave

  10. FORTIS LENIS • aspiration not aspirated may be aspirated pie buy spy púa búa spúla

  11. FORTIS LENIS • aspiration not aspirated may be aspirated • Particular problems for Icelanders: • preaspiration • rappa – supper, stopp – stop • skvetta – better, matt – Matt - mat • rekka – wrecker, lakk - lack • fitness, apple, bottle, picnic

  12. FORTIS LENIS • glottalization not glottalized may be glottalized that what shop make match captain

  13. FORTIS LENIS • voicing often voiced unvoiced • length shorter longer • strength stronger weaker not aspirated may be aspirated • aspiration not glottalized may be glottalized • glottalization

  14. voicing often voiced unvoiced not aspirated may be aspirated • aspiration FORTIS LENIS

  15. ph p Icelandic French p b Lenis Fortis ph b English PIE BUY PÆ BÆ PEAU BEAU

  16. ph p b Icelandic pæ bæ French peau beau English pie buy

  17. pin pHin tie tHai key kHI spin spin sty stai ski skI pH-sp, tH-st, kH-sk

  18. pin penni spenni spin bin benni

  19. VOT Voice Onset time

  20. no voicing voicing release lip closure penni pin labour, grabber spin spenna, benni ábót, labba bin super, supper rabb, rop rub top topp VOT

  21. VOT Voice Onset Time

  22. lip closure release labba labour pay, páll bay bein no voicing voicing

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