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Physical Geology Laboratory Tuesday Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass

Physical Geology Laboratory Tuesday Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass.edu. Course. Course Website: http://blogs.umass.edu/tburbine/ Textbook: Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology, 8 th Edition (2009) Busch You also will need a calculator that you will bring to class. Virtual office hours.

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Physical Geology Laboratory Tuesday Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass

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  1. Physical Geology LaboratoryTuesdayTom Burbinetomburbine@astro.umass.edu

  2. Course • Course Website: • http://blogs.umass.edu/tburbine/ • Textbook: • Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology, 8th Edition (2009) Busch • You also will need a calculator that you will bring to class.

  3. Virtual office hours • You can IM me at tomburbine on AOL

  4. Student: and who are u? lolStudent: u gotta answer cuz i asked first both timestomburbine: why r u Iming meStudent: cuz u added my sn for some reason so i wana know whytomburbine: sn?Student: screen name? Student: loltomburbine: no I didntStudent: ok..tomburbine: do u live in massachusetts?Student: do u?tomburbine: do u live in cambridge?Student: notomburbine: is it snowing?Student: yeatomburbine: do u have a xnga?Student: no joke who the f**k are ya?Student: yes i do live in MAtomburbine: i never heard of u until u Imed meStudent: then how the h**l did u know i lived in MA?

  5. Student: and yes i do go to umasstomburbine: r u in astronomy 100Student: how do u know all this?tomburbine: because I am the professorStudent: OHHHHH OOOPS!tomburbine: i think u must have added meStudent: omg loltomburbine: and then forgot who I wasStudent: ya i didStudent: sorry for all that tomburbine: my name is my screen nametomburbine: seem familar nowStudent: didnt mean to use language but it happenedtomburbine: no problemtomburbine: funnyStudent: hehtomburbine: i actually dont know who u rStudent: good thing we got an exta 2 days for the hwtomburbine: yestomburbine: u can Im me anytimetomburbine: and Student: ill tell ya if u promiss not to fail metomburbine: I cant add my name to ur aimtomburbine: only u cantomburbine: i am fine not knowingStudent: okStudent: well i have to go ill cya on thursday. take caretomburbine: bye!

  6. Plate Tectonics • Plate Tectonics describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere

  7. Continental Drift Hypothesis • Alfred Wegener (1915) thought that all continents were part of a single supercontinent called Pangea

  8. Pangea • Pangea - One large supercontinent http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/pangea.gif

  9. Principles of Plate Tectonics • 1. The surface of the Earth is composed of lithospheric plates that are in constant motion. • The plates move in response to plastic flow in the athenosphere. • Motion in the asthenosphere is caused by convection driven by the Earth’s internal heat. • The internal heat comes from radioactive decay and the latent heat from the Earth’s formation.

  10. Plate Tectonics • Earth has a thin rigid lithosphere that is underlain by a plastic asthenosphere • Seafloor crust is created along mid-ocean ridges where magma upwells from the mantle • Ocean basins are generally younger than continents • Seaflloor spreads until it encounters a trench and descends back into the mantle

  11. Rocks can deform and flow • Easier for rock to deform and flow when it is warmer

  12. Heating of Planet

  13. Lithosphere • Lithosphere is a planet’s outer layer of cool and relatively rigid rock • Asthenosphere is the region in the upper mantle characterized by low-density, semiplastic (or partially molten) rock material chemically similar to the overlying lithosphere

  14. Three Types of Plate Tectonic Boundaries • Divergent – plates move apart, space is filled with molten magma • Convergent – plates collide • Transform – plates slide horizontally past each other

  15. Divergent plate boundary

  16. Convergent Plate Boundary

  17. Transform Boundaries

  18. Magma • Magma – a mixture of molten rock, volatiles, and solids • Lava is magma that erupts on the surface

  19. Melting Point • Melting point – temperature that crystals of a given mineral melt • All minerals have different melting points • Partial melting – part of a rock melts before another rock

  20. Geothermal Gradient • Increasing temperature with depth

  21. Pressure • Pressure is force per unit area • Pressure increases as you go deeper in Earth because of the weight of the surrounding rock

  22. Pressure • Raising the confining pressure increases the melting point of the rock • Lowering the confining pressure lowers the melting point of a rock

  23. P-T (pressure-temperature) diagram

  24. Hot Spots

  25. Any Questions?

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