Research Proposal By: محمد عادل Id: 5 435

1. Research Proposal By: محمد عادل Id: 5435

2. Research proposal • A Communication Tool. / A documented Proof • It is a document written by a researcher that provides a detailed description of the proposed program • It is like an outline of the entire research process that gives readers a summary of the information discussed in a project.

3. Why Research proposal? These are written for various reasons, such as • Requesting a budget (grant) for the research • Certification requirements for research (as from an institutional review board committee if the experiment is to be done on human beings or animals protected by animal rights laws) • As a task before performing research for a dissertation • As a condition for employment at a research institution (which usually requires sponsor-approved research proposals).

4. Phrasing of Research Proposals • It has many similarities to that of scientific articles, like scientific articles, research proposals have sections describing the research background, significance, methods, and references. • These are written in future tense.

5. Curriculum Vitae • In contrast to scientific articles, research proposals usually contain the curriculum vitae of the researchers. • The curriculum vitaes are required for proving that the personnel asking to conduct the research are capable of doing so. • A research proposal for a study including “Injections” would be expected to name at least one researcher qualified to inject human beings. • In some academic institutes, a C.V. of the thesis mentor (counselor/advisor) is required on the research proposal in order to show that the mentor can help the student with the subject of the thesis.

6. Who Needs it? • Research sponsors publish calls for research proposals, specifying the topics into which they fund research and their detailed format requirements. • Those sponsors may be governmental, nonprofit or business research foundations.

7. Sections of a Research Proposal I am offering some simple and up-front set of reflections for a student preparing to submit a research proposal. • Abstract • Introduction • Background to the Problem • Research Methods • Expected Results • References

8. Abstract • A paragraph crisping your topic of research. • What will be the object of data collection • How the data will be collected • How it will be analyzed • What are the possible outcomes. • Abstract is optional in proposals.

9. Introduction • The purpose of this section is to introduce your research idea, establish its importance (i.e., you want to “sell” it to your reader), and explain its significance. • Flow of the introduction: • Start with a general introduction that • defines the research topic. • demonstrates its importance.

10. Background to the Problem • Review the relevant literature. • This review should lead directly into a statement of the purpose of the study and your research questions • Why is this problem or question important? • Who else has worked on this or similar problems? • What methods were used? • What were the results or conclusions of previous research? This section demonstrates the relevance of your research to other research that has been done.

11. Research Method • This provides a written description of the specific actions, plan, or strategy you will take to answer your research questions. • It has got some sub sections • Research participants • Design • Apparatus or instruments, and • Procedure

12. Research Participants This subsection of the method section should provide a written description of the individuals who will participate in research study Be sure to specify the following: • Their demographic characteristics such as age and gender. • Any inducements for participation you plan to use. • Where they are located.

13. Design In this subsection of the method section Plan or strategy to be used to investigate research questions are discussed. The following are involved in the design section: • Type of design and design layout of your study (e.g., you might use a pretest-posttest control-group design). • Description of all the variables being examined in your study.

14. Apparatus or Instruments The following information should be included in this subsection of the method section : • General description of the apparatus or instruments. • Reliability and validity of instruments. • Why the instruments or apparatus are used.

15. Procedure In this subsection of the method section, you sensibly describe how your study will be executed. The following information should be included in the procedure section: • A description of the design if it was not previously described. • A detailed step-by-step description of how the study will be executed. * The reader should know exactly what you intend to do after reading this description. It should include enough information to tell the reader how to do the study if he or she wanted to replicate it.

16. Expected Results • It involves a question, “How will I be Analyzing my data? • In a quantitative study, you will use some type of statistical analysis. • In a qualitative study, there is no one or “right” way of analyzing the data. You must explain the approach you propose to use and justify its use.

17. References • Make sure to follow a recognized format and • do so consistently.

18. Responses

19. Conclusion یار در چشم و دیدنش مشکلراہ نزدیک و طے شدن دشوارمیر شمس الدین فقیر دہلوییار بستا تو آنکھوں میں ہے لیکن اسے دیکھنا مشکل ہے، راستہ تو نزدیک اور تھوڑا ہی سا ہے لیکن طے کرنا دشوار ہے۔ اللہ حافط