The Word Is Alive The Gospel of Luke

1. The Word Is AliveThe Gospel of Luke Chapter Twenty Presented by Tony Gillon

2. Chapter Twenty • Luke 19:28–21:38 - The Ministry of • Jesus in Jerusalem (continues)

3. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Summary of Chapter Twenty • Jesus is challenged by the religious leaders

4. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Summary of Chapter Twenty • Jesus is challenged by the religious leaders • The Parable of the Tenants

5. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Summary of Chapter Twenty • Jesus is challenged by the religious leaders • The Parable of the Tenants • Is it lawful to pay taxes to Cæsar?

6. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Summary of Chapter Twenty • Jesus is challenged by the religious leaders • The Parable of the Tenants • Is it lawful to pay taxes to Cæsar? • The resurrection of the dead

7. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Summary of Chapter Twenty • Jesus is challenged by the religious leaders • The Parable of the Tenants • Is it lawful to pay taxes to Cæsar? • The resurrection of the dead • Jesus states he is David’s Lord and speaks of the hypocrisy of the scribes.

8. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Luke 20:1–8 - • The authority of Jesus questioned

9. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Luke 20:1–8 - • The authority of Jesus questioned • Jesus spends much of his final week before his crucifixion teaching in the temple. The religious leaders continue to oppose him and to challenge his authority to teach and to make the claims about the Kingdom of God and his Sonship. However, Jesus is more than a match for them in debate.

10. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 1 One day as he was teaching the people in the temple courts and preaching the gospel, the chief priests and the teachers of the law, together with the elders, came up to him. 2 Tell us by what authority you are doing these things, they said. Who gave you this authority? • 3 He replied, I will also ask you a question. Tell me, 4John’s baptism — was it from heaven, or from men?

11. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 5 They discussed it among themselves and said, If we say, ‘From heaven’, he will ask, ‘Why didn’t you believe him?’ 6 But if we say, ‘From men’, all the people will stone us, because they are persuaded that John was a prophet. • 7 So they answered, We don’t know where it was from. • 8 Jesus said, Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.

12. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Verse 1 adds to the accounts in Matthew 21:25 and Mark 11:20 by stating he preached the Gospel to the people. Jesus not only purchased our salvation but he published it as well.

13. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Then he entered the temple area and began driving out those who were selling. It is written, he said to them, ‘My house will be a house of prayer’; but you have made it ‘a den of robbers’. Every day he was teaching at the temple. But the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the leaders among the people were trying to kill him. Yet they could not find any way to do it, because all the people hung on his words. • (Luke 19:45–48).

14. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • As he was teaching is confirmed in Luke 19:47, as noted in v.1 and elsewhere in scripture, Jesus spent much of his time teaching the people and the leaders of the church.

15. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Doing these things describes Jesus’ cleansing of the temple, as well as his healing and teaching in the temple, and throughout his ministry. • Because he is neither an official priestly authority nor a scribal authority, according to his questioners’ sectarian standards, he continued to be resisted and challenged.

16. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • John’s baptism, i.e. the ministry of John,was it from heaven, i.e. from God, or from men, i.e. did it have a merely human origin?

17. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • John’s baptism, i.e. the ministry of John,was it from heaven, i.e. from God, or from men, i.e. did it have a merely human origin? • Jesus’ opponents say they don’t know because they lacked the courage of their convictions and feared the consequences of speaking against John the Baptist.

18. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Luke 20:9–18 - The parable of the tenants

19. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Luke 20:9–18 - The parable of the tenants • This parable, while spoken to the people (v.1 and v.9), is directed to Jesus’ opponents (Luke 19:47, v.1 and v.19), and is intended as an analogy with many referents to show that God, i.e. the owner (v.13), is taking away the kingdom from Israel.

20. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • This parable of judgment is addressed primarily to the religious leaders of Israel. The story draws on everyday life. • The owner is God, the tenants are the leaders of Israel and the son they kill is of course Jesus.

21. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 9 He went on to tell the people this parable: A man planted a vineyard, rented it to some farmers and went away for a long time. 10 At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants so they would give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11 He sent another servant, but that one they also beat and treated shamefully and sent away empty-handed. 12 He sent still a third, and they wounded him and threw him out.

22. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 13 Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my son, whom I love; perhaps they will respect him’.

23. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 13 Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my son, whom I love; perhaps they will respect him’. • Myson whom I love: • And the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven: You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased (Luke 3:22).

24. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • And a voice from heaven said, This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased. • (Matthew 3:17).

25. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • The true light that gives light to every man was coming into the world. He was in the world, and though the world was made through him, the world did not recognise him. He came to that which was his own, but his own did not receive him (John 1:9-11).

26. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 14 But when the tenants saw him, they talked the matter over. ‘This is the heir’, they said. ‘Let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours’. 15a So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

27. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Let’s kill him: • Every day he was teaching at the temple. But the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the leaders among the people were trying to kill him (Luke 19:47).

28. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Let’s kill him: • Every day he was teaching at the temple. But the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the leaders among the people were trying to kill him (Luke 19:47). • Theykilled him is a clear allusion to Jesus’ approaching death.

29. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 15bWhat then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?

30. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 15bWhat then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? • 16 He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. When the people heard this, they said, May this never be!

31. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • God will killor destroy those tenants. In a preliminary sense, this happened during the destruction of Jerusalem in AD70, but in a fuller sense it refers to final judgment.

32. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • May this never be! • The hearers have some sense that the parable applies to the people of Israel, and they are hoping that it does not mean that God will give the land of Israel, or the kingdom, to others.

33. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 17Jesus looked directly at them and asked, Then what is the meaning of that which is written: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone?’

34. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 17Jesus looked directly at them and asked, Then what is the meaning of that which is written: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone?’ • Jesus looked directly at them, making eye contact, to ascertain whether their response was genuine or just for show.

35. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • At the time of Jesus, Psalm 118:22–23 was already well known as a messianic psalm.

36. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • At the time of Jesus, Psalm 118:22–23 was already well known as a messianic psalm. • Peter confirms this with these words before the Sanhedrin: • He is ‘the stone you builders rejected, which has become the capstone’ (Acts 4:11).

37. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Stone refers to the Messiah. • Builders are the leaders of Israel. • Rejected echoes the theme of the persecution of the prophets and the Son of God.

38. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • The new or faithful Israel will accept the Son as the rightful messenger, heir and cornerstone of the messianic kingdom. • What are you, O mighty mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become level ground. Then he will bring out the capstone to shouts of ‘God bless it! God bless it!’ • (Zechariah 4:7).

39. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. Haven’t you read this scripture: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone (Mark 12:9-10).

40. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 18Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.

41. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Everyone who falls means everyone who stumbles at and rejects Jesus as the Messiah: • And he will be a sanctuary; but for both houses of Israel he will be a stone that causes men to stumble and a rock that makes them fall. And for the people of Jerusalem he will be a trap and a snare. Many of them will stumble; they will fall and be broken, they will be snared and captured (Isaiah 8:14–15).

42. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • And, A stone that causes men to stumble and a rock that makes them fall. They stumble because they disobey the message — which is also what they were destined for. • (1 Peter 2:8).

43. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • And, A stone that causes men to stumble and a rock that makes them fall. They stumble because they disobey the message — which is also what they were destined for. • (1 Peter 2:8). • He on whom it falls refers to Christ’s judgement on us at his Second Coming.

44. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Luke 20:19–26 - Paying taxes to Cæsar

45. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Luke 20:19–26 - Paying taxes to Cæsar • Realising that the parable of the wicked tenants (vv.9–18) was spoken against them (v.19), the Jewish leaders try to entrap Jesus in his words.

46. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • 19 The teachers of the law and the chief priests looked for a way to arrest him immediately, because they knew he had spoken this parable against them. But they were afraid of the people. • 20 Keeping a close watch on him, they sent spies, who pretended to be honest. They hoped to catch Jesus in something he said so they might hand him over to the power and authority of the governor.

47. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • They were afraid of the people: • Fearing either riots or loss of face and therefore their authority and privilege.

48. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • They were afraid of the people: • Fearing either riots or loss of face and therefore their authority and privilege. • They sent spies: • Disciples of the religious authorities were sent in to infiltrate the crowd anonymously.

49. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • They hoped to catch Jesusin the words that, if they had only taken to heart, would have led them to eternal salvation; the very hope that Israel had waited for.

50. The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem • Governor can refer to a procurator or prefect. • In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Cæsar — when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judæa, Herod tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Iturea and Traconitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene. (Luke 3:1). • In this case, it refers to Pontius Pilate.