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National and Global Trends in Graduate Education

National and Global Trends in Graduate Education. ASEE Workshop on Graduate Education and Research Trends Les Sims Senior Scholar in Residence, CGS (Graduate Dean Emeritus, University of Iowa) lsims@cgs.nche.edu. Dimensions of the Graduate Education Enterprise. 2000-2001 1,700 institutions

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National and Global Trends in Graduate Education

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  1. National and Global Trends in Graduate Education ASEE Workshop on Graduate Education and Research Trends Les Sims Senior Scholar in Residence, CGS (Graduate Dean Emeritus, University of Iowa) lsims@cgs.nche.edu

  2. Dimensions of the Graduate Education Enterprise 2000-2001 • 1,700 institutions • 1.9 million students • Over ½ million degrees annually • 468,000 master’s degrees • 45,000 doctoral degrees • CGS institutions enroll 2/3 of students, grant 75% of master’s degrees, and nearly all doctorate degrees

  3. Graduate Enrollment Trends Thousands Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment

  4. Graduate Enrollmentby Ethnicity Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment

  5. Degrees Awardedrelative to 1985-86

  6. U.S. Engineering Degrees as a % of Total

  7. Growth in S & E Ph.D. Degrees(Three-year averages: US Citizens and Permanent Residents) 1999 Degrees Native Amer 117 Hispanic 658 African-Amer 715 TOTAL 17,428 White 13,656

  8. S & E Graduate Enrollmentby race/ethnicity(U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents)

  9. International Student Enrollment Thousands Source: IIE, Open Doors

  10. U.S. Science and Engineering Doctorate Degrees Earned by International Students

  11. Doctoral S&E Degreesby World Region U.S. Ph.D. Deg Europe % Citizens/Perm Res Asia

  12. Engineering Doctorate Degrees

  13. Graduate Enrollment Projections Source: NCES, Middle Alternative Projections to 2012

  14. Projections: graduate degrees Thousands Thousands Source: NCES, Projections to 2012

  15. Projected International GRE Test Takers, FY03-04* *Source: CGS Discussion List - ETS 1/16/04 Estimate

  16. InternationalGraduate Applications Fall 2003 - Fall 2004ACE, AAU, CGS, NAFSA, AIE, NASULGC Survey All Grad Applications PRC Grad Applications UG Applications

  17. Graduate Programs: Trends and Changes • Certificates – growing rapidly (both stand alone and as degree add-ons) • Content –related to career needs • Preparing Future Faculty • Preparing Future Professionals • Professional Master’s Degrees • Composition – diversity challenges: ethnic/racial, gender, other enrollment

  18. Graduate Programs: Research Content+ • Content – diverse, global, interdisciplinary • Career considerations – publicize jobs of recent graduates; early career information; continuous career planning • Skills development – communications, presentation, interpersonal/teamwork, technical/computer, project management • Environment – employer expectations, roles/responsibilities, experiential/interns

  19. Graduate Education Issues:Graduate Stipends and Funding • NSF fellowships stipends: $27,500 (F2003); $30,000 (F2004); and . . . • NIH, other agencies will follow suit. • Funding for master’s education is miniscule compared to that for Ph.D. • Tuition continues to rise at well above CPI; remissions/waivers needed. • Reauthorization if HEA: an opportunity to increase priority of graduate education.

  20. Graduate Education Issues:International issues: post-9/11 • SEVIS • International Visitors • Restrictions on research areas/materials • Bologña Accord – EU Higher Education 3 + 2 proposed as common structure: 3 yrs equivalent to U.S. B.S. (?) + 2 yrs = equivalent of US M.S. (?)

  21. Graduate Education Issues:Completion/Attrition and ttd • Doctoral completion rate (50% lore); varies widely; most agree is too low. • Attrition rates still significant in years 2, 3, 4, … of doctoral programs. • Time to degree continues to increase. • Similar problems, less extent, in master’s programs.

  22. Graduate Education Issues:Diversity/Participation/access • Participation of underrepresented groups increasing, but slowly; still low. • Strategies need to reflect new realities of court decisions, public policy. • Curricula should reflect cultural, historical, societal, global diversity.

  23. Graduate Education Issues:Responsible Conduct of Research • Ethical issues • Human/Animal research subjects; informed consent • Intellectual property issues • Industry/university interactions • Commercialization of research results

  24. Graduate Education Issues:Mismatch: education/employers • PFF – balanced instruction in T,R,S, skills, faculty roles/responsibilities. • PFP – balanced instruction in R, skills, teamwork, non-academic work environments, project management. • Professional Master’s – core MS, skills, teamwork, non-academic internship; business principles.

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