Counterinsurgency and the Education of the GEOINT Professional Todd S. Bacastow

1. Counterinsurgency and the Education of the GEOINT Professional Todd S. Bacastow Professor of Practice for Geospatial Intelligence John A. Dutton e-Education Institute The Pennsylvania State University August 5, 2008

2. “Counterinsurgency is military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a government to defeat insurgency.” Joint Pub 1-02/ FM 3-24 /MCWP 3-33.5, p. 1-1 U.S. Army Spc. Roger Rich visits with an Iraqi child during a stop in a village near the city of Musayyib, Iraq, while on a civil affairs mission, June 12, 2005. Rich is assigned to Scout Platoon, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, part of the 155th Brigade Combat Team. U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Edward G. Martens.

4. COIN 101 - Principles

5. COIN 101 - Phases Source: RAND, 2008

6. COIN 101 – Intelligence Source: RAND, 2008

7. What’s education? • Education is concerned with the development of the intellect • Training deals with learning specific skills • Education is a personal activity • Training is developing skills for others

8. What’s geospatial intelligence? Geospatial Intelligence GEOINT Brigadier Nick Rigby former Director of Intelligence for the UK Ministry of Defense Title 10 U.S. Code §467

9. Geospatial intelligence Cholera outbreak in Soho, England, in 1854

10. Geospatial intelligence professional

11. Broad competency areas After: Building the Geospatial Workforce Cyndi H. Gaudet, Heather M. Annulis, and Jon C. Carr URISA Journal • Vol. 15, No. 1 • 2003

12. PSU Geospatial Intelligence Program

13. PSU vs ABCA Report

14. # 10 - Legal

15. # 9 - Geospatial Forensics

16. # 8 - Language/Communications Soviet era map symbols http://www.armchairgeneral.com/rkkaww2/maps/keymap/chapter2_1.pdf

17. # 7 – Organizational map of NATO PRTs in Afghanistan, valid as at 20 April 2007. [23]A full-size version of this map is available at: http://www.nato.int/ISAF/media/pdf/placemat_isaf.pdf

18. # 6 – Working with open source

19. # 5 – Working with data Iraqi survey data collectors speak with a village elder during the course of the first phase of the Landmine Impact Survey. http: www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/pix/b/91052.htm

20. # 4 – Add to the toolset A Social Network Analysis of the Iranian Government, [November, 2001]

21. # 3 – Ethics education

22. # 2 – Culture Fairfax County Police, www.fairfaxcounty.gov/police/police31.htm

23. # 1 – Geospatial analytic thinking • We recommend the following GIS workflow: • 1. Define the problem or scenario. • 2. Identify the deliverables (mostly maps) needed to support the decision. • 3. Identify, collect, organize, and examine the data needed to address the problem. • 4. Document your work: • a. Create a process summary. • b. Document your map. • c. Set the environments. • 5. Prepare your data. • 6. Create a basemap. • 7. Perform your analysis. • 8. Produce the deliverables, draw conclusions, and present your results. Our World GIS Education Level 4: Making Spatial Decisions, ESRI

24. Geospatial analytic thinking • The geospatial professional should: • Understand the cognitive biases and fallacies • Apply appropriate geospatial techniques for creating and testing hypothesis • rational choice theory • utility theory • game theory, etc. • Evaluate temporal-spatial trend analysis and spatial correlation • Apply forecasting methods in the geospatial domain • decision tree analysis • analytic hierarchy process • alternative scenarios/futures • Delphi technique • Lockwood Analytical Method for Prediction (LAMP)

25. Summary Physical  Human Open terrain  Closed terrain Data  Evidence Top down  Bottom up Individual  Team Descriptive  Predictive Workflows  Analytic process

26. U.S. Army Maj. Robert Holbert takes notes as he talks and drinks tea with local school and Andar Special Needs School administrators during a cordon and search of Nani, Afghanistan, on June 2, 2007. Holbert is attached to the Human Terrain Team, 4th Brigade Combat Team.   DoD photo by Staff Sgt. Michael L. Casteel, U.S. Army. (Released)

27. Key References • Counterinsurgency Warfare, Galula, 1964 • The Changing Face of War: Into the Fourth Generation, Lind, 1989 • Field Manual 100-7, Decisive Force: The Army In Theater Operations, 1995 • Military Operations Other Than War Briefing Slides and Script, J7, undated • The Information Edge: Imagery Intelligence and geospatial Information in an Evolving National Security Environment, NIMA, 2000 • Developing the Geospatial Workforce, Gaudet, 2001 • GIS & T Body of Knowledge, DiBiase, 2003 • Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife, Nagl, 2005 • Army-Marine Corps Counter Insurgency Field Manual, January 2007 • ABBA Report, 2007 • USGIF Accreditation Standards, 2007 • A Conceptual Framework for Facilitating Geospatial Thinking, Golledge, 2008 • Analytic Support to Intelligence in Counterinsurgency, RAND, 2008 • International Association for Intelligence Education Conference, June 2008 • The Future of Intelligence Co-operation between Military Forces and Private Security Companies based on Lessons Learned in Iraq"  Strachan-Morris, Mar 2008 • Taxonomy of Structured Analytic Techniques, Presentation, IAFIE Conference, June 2008 • Insurgency/Counter-Insurgency: Does the U.S. Army "Get It," Reynolds, June 2008