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E208

The Butler Act, enacted in March 1925 in Tennessee, made it unlawful to teach any theory denying divine creation, directly challenging the teaching of evolution. The Scopes Trial, held in Dayton, Tennessee, saw teacher John Scopes charged with violating this law for teaching Darwin's theory. With notable figures such as Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan, the trial became a national spectacle. Ultimately, Scopes was found guilty, but the verdict was later overturned, paving the way for future legal battles over educational content and the separation of church and state.

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E208

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  1. E208 Inherit the Wind

  2. Butler Act • Said no one could teach anything other than creationism. • Section 1- unlawful to teach theory denying divine creation. • Section 2- Misdemeanor, fine $100-$500. • Section 3- State Law, March 21, 1925.

  3. Dayton,TN-(small conservative town-Bible Belt) Where Hillsboro- a small town Scopes Trial/Monkey Trial Where • July 1925 • Not too long ago

  4. Charged w/ violation of the Butler Act. ACLU- Test Constitutionality of Butler Act. Bertram Cates Defendant Who Who • John Scopes • Teacher who taught theory of evolution from Darwin’s Origin of the Species • Same • Same

  5. Approach-Fundamentalist Same Prosecutor William Jennings Bryan Matthew Harrison Brady • Bible -Literal interpretation (ex. Jonah & the Whale) • Same • Same • Orator – Famous speaker w/ personal magnetism

  6. Defense Clarence Darrow Henry Drummond Approach -Common Sense & individual freedom • Same “Freedom” – Expression to protect individual rights & defend rights to teach evolution • Same Lawyer– From Chicago-animosity toward him. Foremost legal mind. • Same

  7. Newspaper Reporter H. L. Mencken E. K. Hornbeck • Journalist, Baltimore Sun • Cynical humorist • Hostile to censorship • Biased against country people • Rude and insulting

  8. Attitude of the Townspeople • Circus-Lemonade stands • Selling fans and Bibles • Nation wide publicity • Ready to defend against foreigners but curious

  9. ACLU- American Civil Liberties Union Their part in the trial- Volunteered their services Basis for involvement- Offered money to anyone willing to challenge the law. Aids- Financial assistance, legal advice, publicity

  10. The Final Decision • Jury – out 9 minutes • Scopes found guilty- $100 fine • Case appealed – verdict thrown out – judicial errors • Butler Act was repealed in 1969. • 4 days after trial – Bryan dies of cerebral hemorrhage during a nap after a heavy meal

  11. Since then… • 1970 – Mississippi – last state with anti-evolution law overturned • 1968 – Epperson vs. Arkansas – Supreme Court declares anti-evolution law unconstitutional – primary purpose religious • 1987 – Edwards vs. Aguillard – strike down Louisiana law requiring biology teachers to also teach creationism • 1999- Kansas State Board of Education – removes evolution from state standardized test, essentially encouraging teachers to eliminate it from their curriculums

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